Advanced Python Programming (4321602) - Winter 2024 Solution

Question 1(a) [3 marks]

Give the difference between Set and Dictionary in python.

Answer:

• Set: Collection of unique, unordered elements
• Dictionary: Collection of key-value pairs with unique keys

Mnemonic: "Sets are Unique, Dicts have Keys"

Question 1(b) [4 marks]

Explain List in Python with example.

Answer:

List is an ordered, mutable collection that can store different data types.

Table of List Operations:

Python

• Ordered: Elements maintain their position
• Mutable: Can be modified after creation
• Flexible: Stores any data type

Mnemonic: "Lists are Ordered and Modifiable"

Question 1(c) [7 marks]

What is Tuple in Python? Write a Python program to swap two tuple values.

Answer:

Tuple is an ordered, immutable collection that stores multiple items.

Table of Tuple Features:

Python

• Immutable: Cannot modify once created
• Ordered: Maintains element sequence
• Heterogeneous: Can store different data types

Mnemonic: "Tuples are Immutable and Ordered"

Question 1(c OR) [7 marks]

What is Dictionary in Python? Write a Python program to traverse a dictionary using loop.

Answer:

Dictionary is an unordered collection of key-value pairs with unique keys.

Table of Dictionary Methods:

Python

• Key-Value storage: Each key maps to a value
• Unique keys: No duplicate keys allowed
• Fast lookup: O(1) average time complexity

Mnemonic: "Dicts map Keys to Values"

Question 2(a) [3 marks]

What is Package? List out advantages of using Package.

Answer:

Package is a directory containing multiple modules organized together.

Table of Package Advantages:

• Modular structure: Better code organization
• Hierarchical namespace: Prevents name conflicts
• Code reuse: Promotes software reusability

Mnemonic: "Packages Organize Related Modules"

Question 2(b) [4 marks]

Explain any two package import method with example.

Answer:

Table of Import Methods:

Python

• Normal import: Requires full package path
• From import: Allows direct module access
• Specific function import: Import only needed functions

Mnemonic: "Import Normally or From Package"

Question 2(c) [7 marks]

Explain about intra-package reference with example.

Answer:

Intra-package reference allows modules within a package to import from each other.

Diagram of Package Structure:

goat

Table of Reference Types:

Python

• Relative imports: Use dots (.) for current package
• Absolute imports: Full package path
• Package hierarchy: Navigate using dot notation

Mnemonic: "Dots Navigate Package Levels"

Question 2(a OR) [3 marks]

What is Module? List out advantages of using Module.

Answer:

Module is a Python file containing definitions, statements, and functions.

Table of Module Advantages:

• Reusable code: Functions can be imported anywhere
• Modular design: Break large programs into smaller parts
• Easy maintenance: Changes in one place affect all imports

Mnemonic: "Modules Make Code Reusable"

Question 2(b OR) [4 marks]

Explain any two module import method with example.

Answer:

Table of Module Import Methods:

Python

• Direct import: Access with module name prefix
• From import: Direct function access without prefix
• Namespace control: Choose appropriate import method

Mnemonic: "Import Directly or From Module"

Question 2(c OR) [7 marks]

Write a program to define a module to find the area and circumference of a circle.

Answer:

Python

Table of Module Features:

• Module creation: Save functions in .py file
• Import flexibility: Whole module or specific functions
• Code reuse: Use same functions in multiple programs

Mnemonic: "Modules Contain Reusable Functions"

Question 3(a) [3 marks]

Explain the types of error in Python.

Answer:

Table of Python Error Types:

• Syntax errors: Detected before program runs
• Runtime errors: Occur during program execution
• Logical errors: Program runs but gives wrong results

Mnemonic: "Syntax, Runtime, Logic Errors"

Question 3(b) [4 marks]

Explain user-defined exception using raise statement with example.

Answer:

User-defined exceptions are custom error classes created by programmers.

Table of Exception Components:

Python

• Custom exception class: Inherits from Exception
• Raise statement: Manually trigger exceptions
• Meaningful messages: Help debug problems

Mnemonic: "Raise Custom Exceptions for Validation"

Question 3(c) [7 marks]

Explain try-except-finally clause with example.

Answer:

Try-except-finally provides complete exception handling mechanism.

Table of Exception Handling Blocks:

Python

Flow Diagram:

• try: Contains risky code
• except: Handles specific errors
• finally: Always executes for cleanup

Mnemonic: "Try-Except-Finally Always Cleans"

Question 3(a OR) [3 marks]

What is built-in exception? List out any two with their meaning.

Answer:

Built-in exceptions are predefined error types in Python.

Table of Built-in Exceptions:

Two Main Built-in Exceptions:

• ValueError: Occurs when function receives correct type but invalid value
• TypeError: Occurs when operation performed on inappropriate data type

Mnemonic: "Built-in Exceptions Handle Common Errors"

Question 3(b OR) [4 marks]

Explain try-except clause with example.

Answer:

Try-except handles exceptions that might occur during program execution.

Table of Exception Handling:

Python

• try block: Contains potentially risky code
• except block: Handles specific exception types
• Multiple handlers: Different exceptions handled differently

Mnemonic: "Try Risky Code, Except Handles Errors"

Question 3(c OR) [7 marks]

Write a program to catch on Divide by zero Exception with finally clause.

Answer:

Python

Table of Exception Handling Features:

Exception Handling Flow:

• Specific exception handling: ZeroDivisionError caught separately
• Finally clause: Always executes for cleanup
• Resource management: Proper cleanup regardless of errors

Mnemonic: "Finally Always Cleans Up Resources"

Question 4(a) [3 marks]

Define: File, Binary File, Text File

Answer:

Table of File Definitions:

Detailed Definitions:

• File: A collection of data stored on storage device with a unique name
• Binary File: Stores data in binary format (0s and 1s), not human-readable
• Text File: Contains ASCII or Unicode characters, human-readable format

Mnemonic: "Files store data, Binary=Machine, Text=Human"

Question 4(b) [4 marks]

Explain write() and writelines() function with example.

Answer:

Table of Write Functions:

Python

Key Differences:

• write(): Writes one string at a time
• writelines(): Writes multiple strings from a sequence
• Newlines: Must be added manually with \n
• Return value: Both return number of characters written

Mnemonic: "write() Single, writelines() Multiple"

Question 4(c) [7 marks]

Explain tell() and seek() function with example.

Answer:

File pointer functions control position within a file for reading/writing.

Table of Position Functions:

Seek Whence Values:

Python

Position Control Diagram:

• tell(): Returns current byte position in file
• seek(): Moves file pointer to specified position
• Positioning: Essential for random file access
• Binary mode: Works with byte positions

Mnemonic: "tell() Position, seek() Movement"

Question 4(a OR) [3 marks]

What is Absolute and Relative file path?

Answer:

Table of Path Types:

Path Symbols:

• Absolute: Complete path from system root
• Relative: Path from current working directory

Mnemonic: "Absolute from Root, Relative from Current"

Question 4(b OR) [4 marks]

Explain about various mode to open binary and text file.

Answer:

Table of File Opening Modes:

Python

• Text modes: Handle string data with encoding
• Binary modes: Handle raw bytes without encoding
• Plus modes: Allow both reading and writing

Mnemonic: "Text for Strings, Binary for Bytes"

Question 4(c OR) [7 marks]

Write a Python program to write student's subject record like branch name, semester, subject code and subject name in the binary file.

Answer:

Python

Table of Binary File Operations:

Binary File Structure:

• Binary storage: Uses pickle for object serialization
• Efficient storage: Compact binary format
• Object preservation: Maintains data structure integrity
• Cross-platform: Works on different operating systems

Mnemonic: "Pickle Preserves Python Objects"

Question 5(a) [3 marks]

Define: GUI, CLI

Answer:

Table of Interface Definitions:

Key Differences:

• GUI: User-friendly, mouse-driven, visual elements
• CLI: Text-based, keyboard-driven, command syntax
• Interaction: GUI uses clicks, CLI uses typed commands

Mnemonic: "GUI Graphics, CLI Commands"

Question 5(b) [4 marks]

Write a Python program to draw square shape using for and while loop using Turtle.

Answer:

Python

Table of Loop Comparison:

• for loop: Best for known number of iterations
• while loop: Best for condition-based repetition
• Both achieve: Same square drawing result

Mnemonic: "For Count, While Condition"

Question 5(c) [7 marks]

Write a Python program to draw a chessboard using Turtle.

Answer:

Python

Table of Chessboard Components:

Chessboard Pattern Logic:

• Alternating pattern: (row + col) % 2 determines color
• Grid system: 8x8 squares with precise positioning
• Visual enhancements: Border, labels, and sample pieces
• Scalable design: Easy to modify square size

Mnemonic: "Alternate Colors in Grid Pattern"

Question 5(a OR) [3 marks]

How many types of shapes in turtle? Explain any one shape with suitable example.

Answer:

Table of Turtle Shapes:

Circle Shape Example:

Python

• Built-in shapes: Circle, square, triangle readily available
• Custom shapes: Created using movement combinations
• Mathematical shapes: Use geometry for precise drawing

Mnemonic: "Turtle Draws Many Shape Types"

Question 5(b OR) [4 marks]

Explain about four basic methods of Turtle module.

Answer:

Table of Basic Turtle Methods:

Python

• Movement methods: forward() and backward() for distance
• Rotation methods: right() and left() for direction changes
• Coordinate system: Based on current turtle position and heading
• Angle measurement: Degrees (0-360)

Mnemonic: "Forward, Backward, Right, Left Basics"

Question 5(c OR) [7 marks]

Write a Python program to draw square, rectangle, and circle using Turtle.

Answer:

Python

Table of Shape Characteristics:

Shape Drawing Process:

• Geometric accuracy: Precise angle and distance measurements
• Visual appeal: Different colors and filled shapes
• Educational value: Shows formulas
• Mathematical calculations: Area formulas included
• Interactive features: User can customize parameters

Mnemonic: "Square Equal, Rectangle Opposite, Circle Round"