OOPS & Python Programming (4351108) - Winter 2023 Solution

Question 1(a) [3 marks]

List any 6 applications of Python programming language.

Answer:

Table of Python Applications:

Mnemonic: "Web Data Machine Desktop Game Auto"

Question 1(b) [4 marks]

List any 8 features of Python programming language.

Answer:

Table of Python Features:

Mnemonic: "Simple Interpreted Object Dynamic Cross Large Open Interactive"

Question 1(c) [7 marks]

Explain working of for and while loops in Python.

Answer:

For Loop:

• Iteration: Repeats over sequences (lists, strings, ranges)
• Syntax: for variable in sequence:
• Automatic: Handles iteration automatically

While Loop:

• Condition-based: Continues while condition is true
• Manual control: Programmer controls iteration
• Risk: Can create infinite loops if condition never becomes false

Diagram:

goat

Code Example:

Python

Mnemonic: "For Automatic, While Manual"

Question 1(c OR) [7 marks]

Explain working of break continue and pass statements in Python.

Answer:

Break Statement:

• Exit: Terminates the entire loop
• Usage: When specific condition is met
• Effect: Control moves to next statement after loop

Continue Statement:

• Skip: Skips current iteration only
• Usage: Skip specific values in iteration
• Effect: Moves to next iteration

Pass Statement:

• Placeholder: Does nothing, syntactic placeholder
• Usage: When syntax requires statement but no action needed
• Effect: No operation performed

Code Examples:

Python

Mnemonic: "Break Exits, Continue Skips, Pass Waits"

Question 2(a) [3 marks]

Develop a Python program to increment each element of list by one.

Answer:

Code:

Python

Mnemonic: "Loop Index or Comprehension"

Question 2(b) [4 marks]

Develop a Python program to read three numbers from the user and find the average of the numbers.

Answer:

Code:

Python

Key Points:

• Input: Use float() for decimal numbers
• Formula: Sum divided by count
• Output: Use f-string for formatting

Mnemonic: "Input Float, Sum Divide, Format Output"

Question 2(c) [7 marks]

Explain Python's list data type in detail.

Answer:

List Characteristics:

• Ordered: Elements maintain sequence
• Mutable: Can be modified after creation
• Heterogeneous: Can store different data types
• Indexed: Access elements using index (0-based)

List Operations Table:

Code Example:

Python

Mnemonic: "Ordered Mutable Heterogeneous Indexed"

Question 2(a OR) [3 marks]

Develop a Python program to find sum of all elements in a list using for loop.

Answer:

Code:

Python

Mnemonic: "Initialize Zero, Loop Add, Print Total"

Question 2(b OR) [4 marks]

Develop a Python program to get input from user for principal, rate and no of years then calculate and display simple interest from that.

Answer:

Code:

Python

Formula:

• Simple Interest = (P × R × T) / 100
• Total Amount = Principal + Simple Interest

Mnemonic: "Principal Rate Time, Multiply Divide Hundred"

Question 2(c OR) [7 marks]

Explain Python's tuple data type in detail.

Answer:

Tuple Characteristics:

• Ordered: Elements maintain sequence
• Immutable: Cannot be modified after creation
• Heterogeneous: Can store different data types
• Indexed: Access using index (0-based)

Tuple Operations Table:

Code Example:

Python

Key Differences from List:

• Immutable: Cannot change elements
• Performance: Faster than lists
• Usage: For fixed data collections

Mnemonic: "Ordered Immutable Heterogeneous Indexed"

Question 3(a) [3 marks]

Explain any 3 random module methods.

Answer:

Random Module Methods Table:

Code Example:

Python

Mnemonic: "Random Float, Randint Integer, Choice Select"

Question 3(b) [4 marks]

Develop a Python program that asks the user for a string and prints out the location of each 'a' in the string.

Answer:

Code:

Python

Key Points:

• Case-insensitive: Use .lower() to find both 'a' and 'A'
• Index tracking: Use range or enumerate
• Output format: Clear position indication

Mnemonic: "Loop Index Check Append Print"

Question 3(c) [7 marks]

Explain Python's string data type in detail.

Answer:

String Characteristics:

• Immutable: Cannot be changed after creation
• Sequence: Ordered collection of characters
• Indexed: Access characters using index
• Unicode: Supports all languages and symbols

String Methods Table:

String Operations:

Python

Key Features:

• Concatenation: Using + operator
• Repetition: Using * operator
• Membership: Using 'in' operator
• Formatting: f-strings, .format(), % formatting

Mnemonic: "Immutable Sequence Indexed Unicode"

Question 3(a OR) [3 marks]

Explain any 3 math module methods.

Answer:

Math Module Methods Table:

Code Example:

Python

Mnemonic: "Square Root, Power Up, Ceiling Round"

Question 3(b OR) [4 marks]

Develop a Python program to get a string from the user and count total no. of Vowels present in that string.

Answer:

Code:

Python

Key Points:

• Vowel definition: Include both cases
• Loop through: Each character in string
• Count logic: Check membership and increment

Mnemonic: "Define Vowels, Loop Check, Count Increment"

Question 3(c OR) [7 marks]

Explain Python's set data type in detail.

Answer:

Set Characteristics:

• Unordered: No fixed sequence of elements
• Mutable: Can add/remove elements
• Unique: No duplicate elements allowed
• Iterable: Can loop through elements

Set Operations Table:

Set Mathematical Operations:

Python

Key Uses:

• Remove duplicates: From lists
• Mathematical operations: Union, intersection
• Membership testing: Fast lookup

Mnemonic: "Unordered Mutable Unique Iterable"

Question 4(a) [3 marks]

What is the class in Python. How is it different from an object?

Answer:

Class vs Object Comparison:

Example:

Python

Key Points:

• Class: Template defining properties and methods
• Object: Actual instance with specific values
• Relationship: One class, multiple objects

Mnemonic: "Class Blueprint, Object Instance"

Question 4(b) [4 marks]

Explain any four methods of dictionary data type of Python.

Answer:

Dictionary Methods Table:

Code Example:

Python

Mnemonic: "Keys Values Items Get"

Question 4(c) [7 marks]

Develop a Python program that defines a user-defined module for performing some tasks. Import this module and use its functions.

Answer:

Module Creation (math_operations.py):

Python

Main Program (main.py):

Python

Key Points:

• Module creation: Separate .py file with functions
• Import methods: import module or from module import function
• Usage: Access using module.function() or direct function()

Mnemonic: "Create Import Use"

Question 4(a OR) [3 marks]

Define types of methods available in Python classes.

Answer:

Types of Methods Table:

Example:

Python

Mnemonic: "Instance Self, Class Cls, Static None"

Question 4(b OR) [4 marks]

Explain any four methods of string data type of Python.

Answer:

String Methods Table:

Code Example:

Python

Mnemonic: "Start End Digit Count"

Question 4(c OR) [7 marks]

Develop a Python program to find factorial of a number using recursive user defined function.

Answer:

Code:

Python

Recursion Flow:

goat

Key Points:

• Base case: Stops recursion (n=0 or n=1)
• Recursive case: Function calls itself
• Error handling: Check for negative input

Mnemonic: "Base Stop, Recursive Call, Error Check"

Question 5(a) [3 marks]

Develop a python program to Implement single inheritance.

Answer:

Code:

Python

Mnemonic: "Parent Child Inherit Override"

Question 5(b) [4 marks]

Explain the significance of constructors in Python classes.

Answer:

Constructor Significance:

Constructor Types:

Python

Key Benefits:

• Automatic execution: No need to call manually
• Object state: Ensures proper initialization
• Code reusability: Common setup code in one place

Mnemonic: "Initialize Setup Memory Validate"

Question 5(c) [7 marks]

Develop a Python program to demonstrate method overriding using inheritance.

Answer:

Code:

Python

Method Overriding Diagram:

goat

Key Points:

• Same method name: In parent and child classes
• Different implementation: Child class provides specific logic
• Runtime decision: Correct method called based on object type
• Super() usage: Access parent class method

Mnemonic: "Same Name Different Logic Runtime Decision"

Question 5(a OR) [3 marks]

Explain concept of data encapsulation in Python.

Answer:

Data Encapsulation:

Implementation:

Python

Mnemonic: "Bundle Data Hide Interface"

Question 5(b OR) [4 marks]

Explain concept of abstract classes in Python.

Answer:

Abstract Classes:

Implementation using ABC:

Python

Key Features:

• Cannot instantiate: Abstract class cannot create objects
• Force implementation: Subclasses must implement abstract methods
• Common interface: Ensures consistent method signatures

Mnemonic: "Cannot Instantiate Force Implementation Common Interface"

Question 5(c OR) [7 marks]

Develop a python program to Implement multiple inheritance.

Answer:

Code:

Python

Multiple Inheritance Diagram:

goat

Key Points:

• Multiple parents: Child inherits from both Father and Mother
• Method Resolution Order (MRO): Determines which method is called
• Constructor calls: Explicitly call parent constructors
• Diamond problem: Python handles with MRO

Output:

Father constructor called
Mother constructor called  
Child constructor called

Family Details:
Father: John
Mother: Mary
Child: Alice

Method Resolution:
Father works as Engineer

Mnemonic: "Multiple Parents MRO Constructor Diamond"