GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (GTU)

Competency-focused Outcome-based Green Curriculum-2021 (COGC-2021)

Semester-III Course Title: Principles of Electronic Communication

Course Code: 4331104

Diploma programme in which this course is offeredSemester in which offered
Electronics and Communication EngineeringThird

1. RATIONALE

Students of diploma electronics and communication engineering need to have a thorough understanding of fundamental concepts of Electronics and Communication. Diploma students undertaking this course are expected to apply the fundamentals of basic electronic communication system to analyze the different communication (Modulation and Demodulation) methods with its techniques, this basic course develop skills required to learn communication to meet the expectations of the industry.

2. COMPETENCY

The purpose of this course is to help the student to attain the following industry identified competency through various teaching learning experiences:

Maintain Electronic Communication Systems.

3. COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

The practical exercises, the underpinning knowledge and the relevant soft skills associated with this competency are to be developed in the student to display the following COs:

a) Distinguish various signals and noise in communication system.
b) Interpret different parameters of analog modulated signals.
c) Describe different analog receivers.
d) Understand sampling theory and waveforms coding techniques.
e) Identify line coding and multiplexing techniques for various applications.

4. TEACHING AND EXAMINATION SCHEME

Teaching SchemeTeaching SchemeTeaching SchemeTotal CreditsExamination SchemeExamination SchemeExamination SchemeExamination SchemeExamination Scheme
(In Hours)(In Hours)(In Hours)(L+T+P/2)Theory MarksTheory MarksPractical MarksPractical MarksTotal
LTPCCAESECAESEMarks
302530702525150

(*): Out of 30 marks under the theory CA, 10 marks are for assessment of the micro-project to facilitate integration of COs and the remaining 20 marks is the average of 2 tests to be taken during the semester for the assessing the attainment of the cognitive domain UOs required for the attainment of the COs.

Legends: L -Lecture; T - Tutorial/Teacher Guided Theory Practice; P -Practical; C - Credit, CA -Continuous Assessment; ESE -End Semester Examination.

5. SUGGESTED PRACTICAL EXERCISES

The following practical outcomes (PrOs) that are the sub-components of the COs. Some of the PrOs marked '*' are compulsory, as they are crucial for that particular CO at the 'Precision Level' of Dave's Taxonomy related to 'Psychomotor Domain'.

S. No.Practical Outcomes (PrOs)Unit No.Approx. Hrs. required
1Identify and observe different analog and digital signals in time domain and frequency domain using simulator or VLab.2*
2Measure amplitude of different sinusoidal frequency signals in frequency domain using Spectrum Analyzer.2
3Measure modulation index of an AM envelope.2*
4Measure modulation index of an AM envelop by trapezoidal Method.2
5Obtain the frequency response of Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis circuit.2*
6Determine Modulation Index of Frequency Modulated wave.2*
7Locate various sections of AM radio receiver trainer kit and draw the waveforms at input and output side of each section.2*
8Locate various sections of FM radio receiver trainer kit and draw the waveforms at input and output side of each section.2*
9Check the demodulated AM signal waveform using envelope detector and draw its input output waveform.2
10Check the demodulated FM signal waveform using detector and draw its input output waveform.2
11Demonstration of fault finding of AM or FM radio receivers.2
12Obtain the response of AGC circuit of the radio receiver.2
13Based on the sampling frequency, reconstruct the signal.2*
14Check the performance PCM system for various sinusoidal Signals2*
15Check the performance of PAM system.2*
16Check the performance of PWM system.2
17Check the performance of PPM system.2
18Simulate AM,FM and SSB signal using Simulation software2*
TotalTotal36

Note

i. More Practical Exercises can be designed and offered by the respective course teacher to develop the industry relevant skills/outcomes to match the COs. The above table is only a suggestive list.

ii. The following are some sample 'Process' and 'Product' related skills (more may be added/deleted depending on the course) that occur in the above listed Practical Exercises of this course required which are embedded in the COs and ultimately the competency.

S. No.Sample Performance Indicators for the PrOsWeightage in %
1Prepare of experimental setup20
2Operate the equipment setup or circuit20
3Follow safe practices measures10
4Record observations correctly20
5Interpret the result and conclude30
TotalTotal100

6. MAJOR EQUIPMENT/ INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED

This major equipment with broad specifications for the PrOs is a guide to procure them by the administrators to usher in uniformity of practicals in all institutions across the state.

S. No.Equipment Name with Broad SpecificationsPrO. No.
1RF Signal Generator (10Hz to 100MHz)2-14
2Audio Oscillator (20Hz to 20KHz)2-12
3CRO 2/3/4 channel (25-100MHz)2-6,9,10,13-17
4Spectrum Analyzer2,4,6-8
5Digital Multimeter (3-1/2 display)5,12
6AC Millivoltmeter5,12
7Digital Storage oscilloscope2-6,9,10,13-17
8Pulse generator15-17
9Trainer Board for different Communication Mod-Demod techniques.2-17

7. AFFECTIVE DOMAIN OUTCOMES

The following sample Affective Domain Outcomes (ADOs) are embedded in many of the above mentioned COs and PrOs. More could be added to fulfill the development of this competency.

a) Work as a leader/a team member.
b) Follow safety practices while using electrical appliances.
c) Practice environment friendly methods and processes. (Environment related)

The ADOs are best developed through the laboratory/field based exercises. Moreover, the level of achievement of the ADOs according to Krathwohl's 'Affective Domain Taxonomy' should gradually increase as planned below:

i. 'Valuing Level' in 1st year ii. 'Organization Level' in 2nd year iii. 'Characterization Level' in 3rd year

8. UNDERPINNING THEORY

Only the major Underpinning Theory is formulated as higher level UOs of Revised Bloom's taxonomy in order development of the COs and competency is not missed out by the students and teachers. If required, more such higher level UOs could be included by the course teacher to focus on attainment of COs and competency.

UnitUnit Outcomes (UOs) (4 to 6 UOs at Application and above level)Topics and Sub-topics
Unit - I Basics of Communication System1a. Describe EM wave spectrum, frequency ranges and its applications.
1b. Represent Sinusoidal, Rectangular, Saw-tooth, Impulse and Pulse waveform.
1c. Describe communication system.
1d. Justify the need for modulation.
1e. Differentiate between analog and digital modulation using waveforms.
1f. Distinguish between external and internal noise and noise sources.
1.1 Electromagnetic (EM) wave spectrum, frequency bands and their applications domain
1.2 Signals and its representation: analog and digital Signal, Pulse, Impulse, Saw-tooth, sinusoidal and rectangular (In Time & frequency domain)
1.3 Block diagram of Analog and Digital communication system
1.4 Modulation: Definition & its classification based on analog & pulse signal as carrier. Concept of digital modulation
1.5 Noise in communication system, classification of noise, signal to noise ratio(S/N) and noise figure
Unit-II Analog Modulation Techniques2a. Derive the mathematical expression for Double Sideband Full Carrier (DSBFC) Amplitude Modulation (AM) signal
2b. Sketch the frequency spectrum of the DSBFC Amplitude Modulated wave.
2c. Show the mathematical relation between carrier power, modulated signal power and modulation index
2d. Sketch the frequency spectrum of DSBSC and Single sideband (SSB) Amplitude Modulated wave and Pilot carrier
2e. Explain generation of DSBSC signal using balanced modulator circuit.
2h. Define phase modulation and with relevant sketches.
2i. Distinguish between Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis
2k. Explain PAM, PWM and PPM signals with definition and waveform.
2.1 Mathematical expression, waveform and frequency spectrum for the Double sideband full carrier (DSBFC) Amplitude Modulated wave
2.2 Modulation Index, carrier power, modulated signal power and modulation index
2.3 DSBSC and Single sideband (SSB) frequency spectrum, bandwidth
2.4 Power saving in SSB
2.5 DSBSC signal using balanced modulator circuit.
2.6 Mathematical representation of FM wave, waveforms, Frequency spectrum, Modulation index and Bandwidth of FM
2.7 Mathematical representation of PM and its waveform
2.8 Compare AM and FM
2.9 Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis
2.10 Generation techniques for FM wave : Phase locked loop FM modulator
2.11 Pulse Modulation techniques: PAM,PWM, PPM
Unit - III Analog Receivers3a. Define the characteristics of radio receiver
3b. Describe the functions of each block of super heterodyne receiver
3c. Describe AM detection method
3d. Explain functions of various blocks of FM receiver
3e. Explain working of various types of FM demodulator circuits.
3.1 Characteristic of radio receiver, Sensitivity, Selectivity, Fidelity, Image frequency rejection
3.2 Block diagram and working of super heterodyne receiver, IF selection, Image frequency
3.3 Envelope detector using diode
3.4 Block diagram of basic FM receiver
3.5 Basics and types of FM demodulators
3.6 FM demodulator using Phase Locked Loop
Unit IV Sampling theory and waveform coding4a. State the need for sampling theorem.
4b. Describe the Nyquist criteria, Calculate the sampling frequency for any modulating signal
4c. Effect of Sampling rate
4d. Explain sampling techniques
4e. Define the following: quantization, step-size, resolution, uniform and non-uniform quantizer, Quantization noise, Companding
4g. Describe functions of each block of pulse code modulation (PCM) transmitter and receiver.
4h. Describe effect of noise on PCM signal
4i. Explain delta modulation and adaptive delta modulation
4j. Describe slop overload and granular noise
4k. Differentiate Delta and adaptive delta modulation technique.
4l. Explain working of Differential PCM (DPCM) transmitter and receiver.
4m. Compare the features of PCM, DM, ADM and DPCM
4.1 Statement and proof of sampling theorem
4.2 Nyquist rate and interval and application of PCM
4.3 Aliasing error, under sampling, over sampling and critical sampling
4.4 Ideal, Natural and flat top sampling
4.5 Concept of Quantization
4.6 Classification of quantization
4.7 PCM transmitter and receiver
4.8 Advantage, disadvantage
4.9 Block diagram, waveforms
4.10 Disadvantage of DM (slop overload and Granular noise)
4.11 Adaptive Delta Modulation
4.12 Differential PCM
4.13 Comparison between PCM, DM, ADM and DPCM
Unit V Line Coding and Multiplexing5a. Differentiate between bit, symbol & Baud rate
5b. Draw RZ, NRZ (Polar & Unipolar),Manchester coding AMI & HDB-3 signal.
5c. Explain 4 level digital multiplexing hierarchy
5d. Describe TDM frame.
5e. Explain PCM-TDM system
5.1 Bit rate, Baud rate, symbol
5.2 Line coding techniques
5.3 Concept of Time division digital multiplexing, TDM frame
5.4 Block diagram of basic PCM-TDM system

Note: The UOs need to be formulated at the 'Application Level' and above of Revised Bloom's Taxonomy' to accelerate the attainment of the COs and the competency.

9. SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION TABLE FOR QUESTION PAPER DESIGN

Unit No.Unit TitleTeaching HoursDistribution of Theory MarksDistribution of Theory MarksDistribution of Theory MarksDistribution of Theory Marks
R LevelU LevelATotal Marks
IBasics of Communication System663110
IIAnalog Modulation Techniques1167518
IIIAnalog receiver864411
IVSampling theory and waveform coding1167521
VLine Coding and Multiplexing663110
TotalTotal4230241670

Legends: R=Remember, U=Understand, A=Apply and above (Revised Bloom's taxonomy)

Note: This specification table provides general guidelines to assist student for their learning and to teachers to teach and question paper designers/setters to formulate test items/questions assess the attainment of the UOs. The actual distribution of marks at different taxonomy levels (of R, U and A) in the question paper may vary slightly from above table.

10. SUGGESTED STUDENT ACTIVITIES

Other than the classroom and laboratory learning, following are the suggested student-related co-curricular activities which can be undertaken to accelerate the attainment of the various outcomes in this course: Students should conduct following activities in group and prepare reports of about 5 pages for each activity, also collect/record physical evidences for their (student's) portfolio which will be useful for their placement interviews:

a) Prepare specification of electronic components/ICs used in communication system.
b) Give seminar on modulators, demodulators and communication techniques, types and applications.
c) Undertake a survey of different communication methods used in field.

11. SUGGESTED SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES (if any)

These are sample strategies, which the teacher can use to accelerate the attainment of the various outcomes in this course:

a) Massive open online courses (MOOCs) may be used to teach various topics/sub topics.
b) Guide student(s) in undertaking micro-projects.
c) 'L' in section No. 4 means different types of teaching methods that are to be employed by teachers to develop the outcomes.
d) About 20% of the topics/sub-topics which are relatively simpler or descriptive in nature is to be given to the students for self-learning, but to be assessed using different assessment methods.
e) With respect to section No.11, teachers need to ensure to create opportunities and provisions for co-curricular activities.
f) Guide students on how to address issues on environment and sustainability
g) Guide students for using data manuals.

12. SUGGESTED MICRO-PROJECTS

Only one micro-project is planned to be undertaken by a student that needs to be assigned to him/her in the beginning of the semester. In the first four semesters, the micro-project are group-based. However, in the fifth and sixth semesters, it should be preferably be individually undertaken to build up the skill and confidence in every student to become problem solver so that s/he contributes to the projects of the industry. In special situations where groups have to be formed for micro-projects, the number of students in the group should not exceed three.

The micro-project could be industry application based, internet-based, workshop-based, laboratory-based or field-based. Each micro-project should encompass two or more COs which are in fact, an integration of PrOs, UOs and ADOs. Each student will have to maintain dated work diary consisting of individual contribution in the project work and give a seminar presentation of it before submission. The total duration of the micro-project should not be less than 16 (sixteen) student engagement hours during the course. The student ought to submit micro-project by the end of the semester to develop the industry oriented COs.

A suggestive list of micro-projects is given here. This has to match the competency and the COs. Similar micro-projects could be added by the concerned course teacher:

a) Build AM transmitter circuit using transistor/IC.
b) Demonstrate AM communication System including AM transmitter and receiver.
c) Build FM Transmitter circuit using IC.
d) Demonstrate FM communication System including FM transmitter and receiver.
e) Build a PAM Modulator using 555/OPAMP.
f) Build a PWM Modulator using 555/OPAMP.
g) Build a PPM Modulator using 555/OPAMP.
h) Demonstrate Analog Communication system on Virtual Lab.
i) Visit nearby FM radio station and prepare brief report including Gain, Frequency and Area specifications.
j) Prepare Chart on Different Pulse Modulation techniques.
k) Prepare Chart on Different line coding techniques.

13. SUGGESTED LEARNING RESOURCES

S. No.Title of BookAuthorPublication with place, year and ISBN
1Communication systems (Analog and Digital)Sanjay SharmaS K Kataria and Sons, 4th Edition KATSON
2Electronics Communication System (Fundamental to Advance)Wayne TomasiPearson Education, 5th edition
3Analog CommunicationV.Chandra SekarOxford University Press
4Electronic Communications Modulation and TransmissionRobert J. SchoenbeckPHI Learning, 2nd Edition
5Electronic Communication SystemsGeorge Kennedy and Bernard DavisTata McGraw Hill 5th edition or latest
6Electronics CommunicationDennis Roddy and John CoolenPearson Education 4th Edition
7Digital CommunicationsSanjay SharmaKATSON Books

14. SOFTWARE/LEARNING WEBSITES

a. Analog communication https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105143

b. Introduction to Digital Communication https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101051

c. Signals and their properties http://ssl-iitg.vlabs.ac.in/Signals%20and%20their%20properties(objectives).html

d. Sampling Signal reconstruction http://ssl-iitg.vlabs.ac.in/Sampling%20and%20signal%20reconstruction%20(objective).html

e. Amplitude Modulation https://www.etti.unibw.de/labalive/index/analogmodulation/

f. FM transmitter https://www.etti.unibw.de/labalive/index/analogmodulation/

g. FM Signal Spectra https://www.etti.unibw.de/labalive/index/analogmodulation/

h. FM Receiver https://www.etti.unibw.de/labalive/index/analogmodulation/

i. SNR Demonstration https://www.etti.unibw.de/labalive/index/analogmodulation/

j. Quantization https://www.etti.unibw.de/labalive/index/analogmodulation/

k. PAM https://www.multisim.com/content/TbNG4WmBH8htyxzRDzkeU8/pulseamplitude-modulation/open/

l. PWM https://www.falstad.com/circuit/e-555pulsemod.html

m. PLL FM Modulator https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256133199_PLL_Based_High_Frequency_FM_Modulator

n. PLL FM Demodulator https://electronicspost.com/pll-fm-demodulator-phase-locked-loop-fmdemodulator/

15. PO-COMPETENCY-CO MAPPING

Semester III Principles of Electronic Communication (Course Code: 4331104)PO 1 Basic & Discipline specific knowledgePO 2 Problem AnalysisPO 3 Design/development of solutionsPO 4 Engineering Tools, Experimentation &TestingPO 5 Engineering practices for society, sustainability & environmentPO 6 Project ManagementPO 7 Life-long learning
Competency: Maintain Electronic Communication Systems.3223213
CO a) Distinguish various signals and noise in communication system32221-2
CO b) Interpret different parameters of analog modulated signals.3323213
CO c) Describe different analog receivers.3122213
CO d) Understand sampling theory and waveforms coding techniques.3212213
CO e) Identify line coding and multiplexing techniques for various applications.22121-2

Legend: '3' for high, '2' for medium, '1' for low or '-' for the relevant correlation of each competency, CO, with PO/PSO

16. COURSE CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

GTU Resource Persons

S. No.Name and DesignationInstituteContact No.Email
1M.N Charel HOD EC Dept.Government Polytechnic, Ahmedabad-manishcharel@yahoo.com
2K J PithadiyaBBIT9898491548kunalpithadiya1@gmail.com

BoS Resource Persons

Sr. No.Name and DesignationInstituteContact No. Email
1Dr. A S Pandya, Principal BoS Chairman Electrical & Allied BranchesAVPTI, Rajkot9426201171 aspandya22@rediffmail.com
2Dr. S N Sampat i/c Principal BoS Member-ECGGP, Surat9033777389 snsampat@gmail.com
3Shri U V Buch, LEC BoS Member-ECGP A'bad9825346922 uvbuch@gmail.com