Advanced Python Programming (4321602) - Summer 2024 Solution

Question 1(a) [3 marks]

Give the difference between Tuple and List in python.

Answer:

• Memory efficient: Tuples use less memory than lists
• Use case: Tuples for fixed data, lists for dynamic data

Mnemonic: "Tuples are Tight, Lists are Loose"

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Question 1(b) [4 marks]

Define Set and how is it created in python?

Answer:

Set is an unordered collection of unique elements in Python.

Creating Sets:

Python

• Unique elements: No duplicates allowed
• Unordered: Elements have no specific order
• Operations: Union, intersection, difference supported

Mnemonic: "Sets are Special - Unique and Unordered"

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Question 1(c) [7 marks]

What is Dictionary in Python? Write a program to concatenate two dictionary into new one.

Answer:

Dictionary is an ordered collection of key-value pairs in Python.

Program:

Python

• Key-value pairs: Each element has a key and value
• Mutable: Can be modified after creation
• Fast access: O(1) average time complexity

Mnemonic: "Dictionaries are Dynamic Key-Value stores"

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Question 1(c) OR [7 marks]

What is a list in python? Write a program that finds maximum and minimum numbers from a list.

Answer:

List is an ordered, mutable collection of elements in Python.

Program:

Python

• Ordered: Elements maintain insertion order
• Indexing: Accessed using index [0, 1, 2...]
• Built-in functions: min(), max(), len() available

Mnemonic: "Lists are Linear and Indexed"

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Question 2(a) [3 marks]

Explain Nested Tuple with example.

Answer:

Nested Tuple is a tuple containing other tuples as elements.

Example:

Python

• Multi-dimensional: Tuples within tuples
• Indexing: Use multiple indices [i][j]
• Immutable: Cannot change nested elements

Mnemonic: "Nested means Tuples inside Tuples"

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Question 2(b) [4 marks]

What is random module? Explain with example.

Answer:

Random module generates random numbers and performs random operations.

Example:

Python

• Import required: import random
• Various functions: randint(), choice(), random()
• Useful for: Games, simulations, testing

Mnemonic: "Random makes things Unpredictable"

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Question 2(c) [7 marks]

Explain different ways of importing package. Give one example of it.

Answer:

Import Methods:

Example:

Python

• Namespace: Normal import keeps separate namespace
• Direct access: From import allows direct function call
• Alias: Shorter names for convenience

Mnemonic: "Import methods: Normal, From, All, Alias"

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Question 2(a) OR [3 marks]

Write down the properties of dictionary in python.

Answer:

Dictionary Properties:

• Fast access: O(1) average lookup time
• Dynamic size: Can grow or shrink
• Key restrictions: Keys must be immutable

Mnemonic: "Dictionaries are Ordered, Mutable, Unique, Heterogeneous"

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Question 2(b) OR [4 marks]

What is the dir() function in python. Explain with example.

Answer:

dir() function returns all attributes and methods of an object.

Example:

Python

• Introspection: Examines object properties
• Debugging: Helps find available methods
• All objects: Works with any Python object

Mnemonic: "dir() shows Directory of object attributes"

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Question 2(c) OR [7 marks]

Write a program to define module to find sum of two numbers. Import module to another program.

Answer:

Module file (calculator.py):

Python

Main program:

Python

• Module creation: Save functions in .py file
• Import: Use import statement to access
• Code reusability: Use same module in multiple programs

Mnemonic: "Modules make code Reusable and Organized"

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Question 3(a) [3 marks]

What is Runtime error and Logical error. Explain with example.

Answer:

Examples:

Python

• Runtime: Crashes program execution
• Logical: Program continues but wrong result

Mnemonic: "Runtime Crashes, Logical Confuses"

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Question 3(b) [4 marks]

Write points on Except and explaining it.

Answer:

Except clause handles specific exceptions in try-except block.

Key Points:

Python

• Specific handling: Different exceptions handled differently
• Error recovery: Program continues after handling

Mnemonic: "Except Catches and Handles errors"

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Question 3(c) [7 marks]

Write a program to catch Divide by zero Exception. Also use finally block.

Answer:

Python

• Try block: Contains risky code
• Except: Handles ZeroDivisionError specifically
• Finally: Always executes regardless of exception

Mnemonic: "Try risky code, Except handles errors, Finally always runs"

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Question 3(a) OR [3 marks]

What are the built-in exceptions and gives its types.

Answer:

Built-in Exception Types:

Python

Mnemonic: "Value, Type, Index, Key, File - common error types"

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Question 3(b) OR [4 marks]

Explain Syntax error and how do we identify it? Give an example.

Answer:

Syntax Error occurs when Python cannot parse the code due to incorrect syntax.

Identification:

Examples:

Python

• Detection: Before program execution
• Error message: Shows line and character position
• Common causes: Missing colons, brackets, wrong indentation

Mnemonic: "Syntax errors Stop code from Starting"

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Question 3(c) OR [7 marks]

What is Exception handling in python? Explain with proper example.

Answer:

Exception Handling is a mechanism to handle runtime errors gracefully without crashing the program.

Structure:

Python

Complete Example:

Python

• Graceful handling: Program continues after error
• Multiple exceptions: Different error types handled separately
• Else clause: Runs only if no exception occurs
• Finally clause: Always executes for cleanup

Mnemonic: "Try-Except-Else-Finally: Complete error handling"

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Question 4(a) [3 marks]

What kind of different operations we can perform in a file?

Answer:

File Operations:

Python

Mnemonic: "Read, Write, Append, Create, Delete, Seek"

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Question 4(b) [4 marks]

Give list of file modes. Write Description of any four mode.

Answer:

File Modes:

Four Mode Descriptions:

1. 'r' (Read): Opens file for reading only, file pointer at beginning
2. 'w' (Write): Opens for writing, truncates file or creates new one
3. 'a' (Append): Opens for writing, file pointer at end of file
4. 'r+' (Read/Write): Opens for both reading and writing

Mnemonic: "Read, Write, Append, eXclusive - main file modes"

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Question 4(c) [7 marks]

Write a program to sort all the words in a file and put it in list.

Answer:

Python

• File reading: Read entire file content
• Word processing: Split, clean, and sort words
• List creation: Store sorted words in list

Mnemonic: "Read, Split, Clean, Sort, Save"

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Question 4(a) OR [3 marks]

What is file handling? List files handling operation and explain it.

Answer:

File Handling is the process of working with files to store and retrieve data permanently.

File Handling Operations:

Python

Mnemonic: "Open, Read, Write, Close - basic file cycle"

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Question 4(b) OR [4 marks]

Explain load() method with example.

Answer:

load() method is used to deserialize data from a file (usually with pickle module).

Pickle load() Example:

Python

JSON load() Example:

Python

• Deserialization: Converts file data back to Python objects
• Binary mode: Use 'rb' mode for pickle files
• Error handling: Handle FileNotFoundError

Mnemonic: "load() brings file data back to Python objects"

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Question 4(c) OR [7 marks]

Write a program that inputs a text file. The program should print all of the unique words in the file in alphabetical order.

Answer:

Python

• Regular expressions: Extract only alphabetic words
• Set data structure: Automatically removes duplicates
• Sorted function: Arranges words alphabetically
• File output: Saves results for future reference

Mnemonic: "Read, Extract, Unique, Sort, Display"

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Question 5(a) [3 marks]

Explain the use of the following turtle function with an appropriate example. (a) turn() (b) move().

Answer:

Note: Standard turtle module uses left(), right() instead of turn(), and forward(), backward() instead of move().

Turtle Movement Functions:

Python

Mnemonic: "Turn changes direction, Move changes position"

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Question 5(b) [4 marks]

Explain the various inbuilt methods to change the direction of the turtle.

Answer:

Direction Control Methods:

Python

• Relative: left() and right() change current direction
• Absolute: setheading() sets exact direction
• Coordinate-based: towards() calculates direction to point

Mnemonic: "Left-Right relative, Heading absolute, Towards calculates"

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Question 5(c) [7 marks]

Write a program to draw square, rectangle and circle using turtle.

Answer:

Python

• Square: 4 equal sides with 90° turns
• Rectangle: 2 pairs of equal sides
• Circle: Built-in circle() method with radius

Mnemonic: "Square: 4 equal sides, Rectangle: 2 pairs, Circle: radius method"

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Question 5(a) OR [3 marks]

What are the various types of pen command in turtle? Explain them all.

Answer:

Pen Control Commands:

Python

Mnemonic: "Up-Down controls drawing, Size-Color controls appearance"

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Question 5(b) OR [4 marks]

Draw circle and star shapes using turtle and fill them with red color.

Answer:

Python

Key Points:

• begin_fill(): Start filling the shape
• end_fill(): Complete the fill
• color(): Set both pen and fill colors
• Star angle: 144° for 5-pointed star

Mnemonic: "Begin fill, Draw shape, End fill = Filled shape"

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Question 5(c) OR [7 marks]

Write a program to draw Indian Flag using turtle.

Answer:

Python

Flag Components:

• Saffron: Courage and sacrifice (top)
• White: Truth and peace (middle)
• Green: Faith and chivalry (bottom)
• Ashoka Chakra: 24-spoke wheel in navy blue

Mnemonic: "Saffron-White-Green stripes with 24-spoke Chakra"