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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Mechanical Engineering Subject Code: DI05019021

Subject Name: Thermal Engineering-II

| W. e. f. Academic Year:   | 2026-27   |
|---------------------------|-----------|
| Semester:                 | 5 th      |
| Category of the Course:   | PCC       |

| Prerequisite:   | (1) Elements of Mechanical Engineering (DI01000191)  (2) Engineering Thermodynamics (DI03019011)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Rationale:      | The course covers a wide range of topics related to the principles of thermodynamics  and their practical applications in various engineering systems. Students will learn  about Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs), refrigeration, air conditioning, hydrogen  technology  and  IC  engine  fuels,  which  are  all  critical  components  of  thermal  system/device. The course will deliver the working principles of IC engine, including  the several type of engines, their components, and their applications. The course will  cover  ICE  fuels  and  their  properties.  It  also  covers  the  refrigeration  and  air  conditioning systems, including the principles of heat transfer, refrigerants. Finally,  course  will  also  cover  hydrogen  production,  storage,  transportation  and  fuel  cell.  Overall, it provides a comprehensive understanding of thermal systems/devices and  their applications, which are essential for engineers. |

## Course Outcome:

After Completion of the Course, Student will able to:

| No   | Course Outcomes                                                                                          |
|------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CO-1 | Analyze performance of internal combustion engines using performance parameters and heat  balance sheet. |
| CO-2 | Select IC engine fuels and related support system for internal combustion engines.                       |
| CO-3 | Analyze the performance of refrigeration system using standard procedures.                               |
| CO-4 | Estimate air conditioning parameters for particular appliances.                                          |
| CO-5 | Identify the salient features of hydrogen production, storage, transportation and fuel cell.             |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Mechanical Engineering Subject Code: DI05019021 Subject Name: Thermal Engineering-II

## Teaching and Examination Scheme:

| Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Total Credits  L+T+ (PR/2)   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Total   |
|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|---------|
| L                             | T                             | PR                            | C                            | Theory                         | Theory                         | Tutorial / Practical           | Tutorial / Practical           | Marks   |
| L                             | T                             | PR                            | C                            | ESE (E)                        | PA(M)                          | PA (I)                         | ESE (V)                        | Marks   |
| 3                             | 0                             | 2                             | 4                            | 70                             | 30                             | 20                             | 30                             | 150     |

## Course Content:

|   Unit  No. | Content                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |   No. of  Hours |   % of  Weightage |
|-------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|-------------------|
|           1 | Internal Combustion Engines   1.1 Introduction  1.2 Theoretical and actual valve timing diagrams  1.3 Fuel Injection system  - Carburation  - Fuel pump  - Multi Point Fuel Injection (MPFI)  - CRDI  1.4 Cooling System  1.5 Lubrication system  1.6 Ignition system  1.7 Governing & Scavenging system  1.8 Exhaust system (considering pollution reduction)  1.9 Supercharging & Turbocharging  1.10 Performance testing of IC engines   - Performance  parameters  (Indicated  power,  Brake  power,  Friction  Power, A/F ratio, specific fuel consumption, efficiencies) |              15 |                34 |
|           2 | IC Engine Fuels  2.1 Alternative fuels  - Alcohols  - Hydrogen  - LPG  - Biogas  - CNG                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |              07 |                16 |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Mechanical Engineering Subject Code: DI05019021

Subject Name: Thermal Engineering-II

|    | - Biofuel  - Supply requirement for CNG and LPG  2.2 Rating of engine fuels  - Octane Number  - Cetane Number  2.3 Pollution and control  - Emission norms  - Effect emitted gases  - E-20 ethanol bending  2.6 Analysis of exhaust gas  Refrigeration 3.1 Introduction  3.2 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle  - Major components  - P-v, T-s and P-h diagram  - Working  3.3 Performance of VCRS  3.4 Effect of Change in operating condition   |    | 17   |
|----|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|------|
|  3 | 3.5 Simple numerical on VCRS performance  3.6 Application of VCRS  - Domestic refrigerator  - Ice plant  - Water cooler  3.7 Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System (VARS)  3.8 Refrigerant and its properties  - Characteristics  - Properties  - Commonly used refrigerants  - Eco friendly refrigerants  Air-Conditioning 4.1 Air conditioning  - Concept                                                                                           | 08 |      |
|  4 | - Types  - Applications  4.2 Properties of air   - Psychometric relations  - Humidity and temperature measurement  4.3 Psychometric  - Psychometric processes  - Basic load calculations                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | 07 | 16   |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Mechanical Engineering Subject Code: DI05019021

Subject Name: Thermal Engineering-II

|    | 4.4 Simple numerical examples  4.5 Air conditioner  - Window air conditioner  - Split air conditioner                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |    |     |
|----|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|-----|
| 5. | Hydrogen Technology  5.1 Concept  5.2 Green hydrogen  5.3 Liquid and compressed hydrogen  5.4 Production  5.5 Electrolysis  5.6 Storage and storage issues  5.7 Transportation  5.8 Fuel cells  5.9 Principal and types  5.10 Construction and working  5.11 Safety  - Hydrogen Safety  - Hydrogen Vehicles  - Hybrid Energy Systems  5.12 Future of Hydrogen | 08 |  17 |
|    | Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | 45 | 100 |

## Suggested Specification Table with Marks (Theory):

## Distribution of Theory Marks (in %)

|   R Level |   U Level |   A Level | N Level   | E Level   | C Level   |
|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
|        37 |        38 |        25 | -         | -         | -         |

Where R: Remember; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create (as per Revised Bloom's Taxonomy)

## References/Suggested Learning Resources:

## (a) Books:

|   Sr.  No. | Title of Books                             | Author           | Publication& ISBN           |
|------------|--------------------------------------------|------------------|-----------------------------|
|          1 | Heat Engines                               | Pandya and Shah  | Charotar Publishing  House. |
|          2 | Thermodynamics and Heat power  Engineering | Mathur and Mehta | Tata Mcgraw- Hill.          |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Mechanical Engineering Subject Code: DI05019021

## Subject Name: Thermal Engineering-II

|   3. | Thermal Engineering                                | R K Rajput               | Laxmi. Publications      |
|------|----------------------------------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|
|    4 | A Text book of Thermal Engineering                 | R S Khurmi & J.K.  Gupta | S Chand & Co.            |
|    5 | Thermal engineering                                | P.L.Ballaney             | Khanna Publication       |
|    6 | Thermal Science and Engineering                    | Dr. D.S.Kumar            | S.K.Kataria & Sons.      |
|    7 | IC Engine                                          | Mathur and Sharma        | DhanpatRai Publication   |
|    8 | Principles of Refrigeration                        | Dossat                   | Pearson Education        |
|    9 | Refrigeration and air conditioning                 | Arora & Domkundwar       | Khanna publication.      |
|   10 | A Text Book of Refrigeration and  Air Conditioning | R S Khurmi               | Eurasia Publishing House |
|   11 | Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning                   | R.K.Rajput               | S.K.Kataria & Sons.      |
|   12 | Introduction to Hydrogen  Technology               | K.S.V. Santhanam         | John Wiley & Sons Inc    |

## (b) Open source software and website:

1. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwdnzlV3ogoXHbVNKWL1BYOo\_8PpyNtnC
2. http://vlabs.iitkgp.ernet.in/rtvlas/exp1/index.html#
3. https://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/rtvlas/
4. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112105128/
5. https://www.kwangu.com/work/psychrometric.htm
6. http://people.tamu.edu/~i-choudhury/psych.html

## Suggested Course Practical List

1. Prepare an actual valve timing diagram of given IC engine.
2. Perform a test on four stroke Petrol engine test rig. also prepare a heat balance sheet.
3. Perform a test on four stroke Diesel engine test rig. also prepare a heat balance sheet.
4. Measure and analyze the emitted gases from IC engine (in context of pollution).
5. Demonstrate various tools for refrigeration tubing operation.
6. Determine the COP of VCRS system.

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Mechanical Engineering Subject Code: DI05019021 Subject Name: Thermal Engineering-II

7. Demonstrate leak detection with various leak detection techniques, evacuation and refilling of refrigerant.
8. Determine properties of air.
9. Determine of capacity of window / split air-conditioner.
10. Demonstration of hydrogen production, storage and transportation systems.

## List of Laboratory/Learning Resources Required:

1. Actual cut section of 4-stroke Diesel engine for valve timing diagram.
2. Four stroke Petrol engine test rig.
3. Four stroke Diesel engine test rig.
4. Exhaust gas analyzer: (i) Petrol engine, (ii) Diesel engine
5. Refrigeration tubing operation kit.
6. VCRS test rig.
7. Leak detection kit.
8. Evacuation and refilling station for refrigeration system.
9. Psychometer and thermometer for wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures.
10. Window/split air conditioner test rig.
11. Models/charts of:
- a. Hydrogen production systems
- b. Hydrogen storage systems
- c. Hydrogen transportation systems

## Suggested Project List:

1. Prepare a display chart of different types IC engine systems.
2. Prepare a display chart of different types of IC engine fuels.
3. Make a PowerPoint presentation on the latest industry trends in IC engines.
4. Prepare a chart of possible minor fault and remedies while driving two wheelers and four wheels.
5. Prepare chart of CNG/LPG/Diesel/ Petrol engine fueling system.
6. Make a PowerPoint presentation on the latest trends in IC engines fuels.

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Mechanical Engineering Subject Code: DI05019021

Subject Name: Thermal Engineering-II

7. Prepare a tabulated summary of the types of air conditioners used in a home, office, mall, cinema and vehicle which are available in the market. (Summary includes tonnage capacity, types of compressors, types of refrigerants, types of expansion system etc).
8. Prepare a chart of installation and maintenance of A.C. at home or office.
9. Collect and analyse technical specifications of split air conditioner from manufacturers' websites and other resources.
10. Collect  and  analyze  technical  specifications  of  refrigerator  from  manufacturers'  websites  and other resources.
11. Carry out a comparative study of hydrogen production, storage and transportation systems used in the field of green energy and the upcoming latest technologies.
12. Make a PowerPoint presentation on the latest industry trends in green hydrogen technology.

## Suggested Activities for Students:

1. Enlist IC Engine specifications which is available in your laboratory.
2. Search different ICE components from scrap and identify type of defect/ failure.
3. Visit any Industry working on IC Engine manufacturing/ running or power plant working on IC Engine.
4. Visit any automobile service center in nearby area.
5. Visit any Petrol/ Diesel/ CNG/ LPG station and study different fuel filling systems along with different parameters affected.
6. Enlist VCRS system specifications which is available in your laboratory.
7. Prepare chart VCRS/ VARS.
8. Visit cold storage plant, ice plant and air-conditioning Plant to observe VCRS or VARS.
9. Preparation of small model of VCRS.
10. Built up/ evacuate VCRS available at your institute.
11. Prepare property table for different types of refrigerants/ alternate fuels.
12. Undertake 2 to 5 days of training in an automobile workshop.

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