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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma

Branch: Mechanical Engineering

Subject Code: DI04019011

Subject Name  : Thermal Engineering - I

| W. e. f. Academic Year:   | 2025-26   |
|---------------------------|-----------|
| Semester:                 | 4 th      |
| Category of the Course:   | PCC       |

## Prerequisite:

- (1) Elements of Mechanical Engineering (DI01000191)

- (2) Engineering Thermodynamics ( DI03019011 )

Rationale:

Diploma  Mechanical  engineers  are  supposed  to  operate  and  maintain  various equipments and various home appliances in industrial and domestic fields, in which energy transition occurs particularly as heat and work.  This course will provide the basic  knowledge  of  Thermal  Engineering,  which  acts  as  a  foundation  for  various fields related to mechanical  engineering. This course  would  develop  basic knowledge and skills related to heat transfer, thermal insulators and heat exchangers, air  compressors,  boilers  as  well  as  steam  generators,  steam  condensers,  cooling towers,  steam  nozzles,  steam  turbines  and  gas  turbines.  Thus,  this  course  is  very essential  for  mechanical  engineers,  especially  in  fields  related  to  energy  transition like  process  industries,  textile  industries,  food  processing  and  pharmaceutical industries, refineries and power plants, etc.

## Course Outcome:

After Completion of the Course, Student will able to:

| No   | Course Outcomes                                                                             |
|------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CO-1 | Determine heat transfer parameters related to heat exchangers for different situations.     |
| CO-2 | Calculate the power requirement and volumetric efficiency of air compressors.               |
| CO-3 | Evaluate the boiler performance based on given parameters and operational data sheets.      |
| CO-4 | Identify various features of steam nozzles, steam turbines, condensers, and cooling towers. |
| CO-5 | Identify various features of gas turbine power plant systems.                               |

## Teaching and Examination Scheme:

| Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Total Credits  L+T+ (PR/2)   | Total Credits  L+T+ (PR/2)   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Total   Marks   |
|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|------------------------------|------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|-----------------|
| L                             | T                             | PR                            | C                            | Theory                       | Theory                         | Tutorial / Practical           | Tutorial / Practical           |                 |
| L                             | T                             | PR                            | C                            | ESE(E)                       | PA(M)                          | PA(I)                          | ESE(V)                         |                 |
| 3                             | 0                             | 2                             | 4                            | 70                           | 30                             | 20                             | 30                             | 150             |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma

## Branch: Mechanical Engineering

Subject Code: DI04019011

Subject Name  : Thermal Engineering - I

## Course Content:

| Unit  No.                              | Content                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |   No. of  Hours |   % of  Weightage |
|----------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|-------------------|
| 1.                                     | Heat Transfer and Heat Exchangers  1.1 Concept of heat transfer  1.2 Conduction  - Fourier's law  - Conduction  through  plain  &  composite  wall,  and  cylinder  (No  derivation) 1.3 Convection  - Newton's law  - Free and forced convection   1.4 Radiation  - Concept of Incident energy  - Concept of Absorptivity, reflectivity and transmissivity  - Concept of black and grey body  - Concept of emissive power and emissivity  1.5 Thermal insulation/insulators  - Concept, properties, classifications, and types  1.6 Heat exchanger  - Concept, classification, and application  - LMTD  (No derivation) |              07 |                16 |
| 2.                                     | 1.7 Simple numerical examples  Air Compressors  2.1 Concepts, classification, and applications.  2.2 Construction and working of Reciprocating air compressor:  - Single stage  - Multi-stage (without & with intercooler)  2.3 Performance of reciprocating compressor  (No derivation) - Work required, and efficiency  (No derivation) -  Simple numerical examples  2.3 Construction and working of rotary compressors  - Roots blower  - Vane type  - Screw type  - Scroll type  2.4 Construction and working of Dynamic air compressor:  - Centrifugal  - Axial                                                    |              08 |                17 |
| 3.  Steam Formation and its Properties | 3.  Steam Formation and its Properties                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |              04 |                 9 |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma

## Branch: Mechanical Engineering

Subject Code: DI04019011

Subject Name  : Thermal Engineering - I

|    | 3.1 Steam Formation  - Industrial Applications  - Representation on PV, T-s, and h-s diagrams.  3.2 Calculation of Steam Properties  - Steam table  - Mollier chart  3.3 Measurement of dryness fraction  - Barrel calorimeter  - Separating calorimeter  - Separating & Throttling calorimeter  - Electrical calorimeter  3.4 Simple numerical examples                                                                                                                                                   |    |    |
|----|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|----|
|  4 | Steam Generators  4.1 Steam boilers  - Concept, definition as per Indian Boilers Regulation (IBR)  - Classifications and Applications  4.2 Construction and working of steam boilers  - Packaged boiler (Fire, water and combined tube)  - Waste heat recovery boiler  - Fluidized bed combustion boiler  4.3 Boiler Draft  4.4 Functions and locations of boiler mountings & accessories   4.5 Boiler performance  - Equivalent of evaporation  - Boiler power  - Boiler efficiency  - Heat balance sheet | 11 | 25 |
|  5 | Prime Movers  5.1 Steam Nozzle  - Concept, classification and application  - Nozzle types   5.2 Steam turbine  - Concept and classifications  - Major components  - Working of Impulse and reaction turbines  - Necessity of compounding and its types                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | 03 | 07 |
|  6 | Steam Condensers, and Cooling Towers  6.1 Steam condensers                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 06 | 13 |

Page 3 of 7

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma

## Branch: Mechanical Engineering

Subject Code: DI04019011

Subject Name  : Thermal Engineering - I

| - Concept, Functions and classification  - Construction and working of jet condensers  - Construction and working of surface condensers  - Effect of air leakage & Leak detection techniques  6.2 Cooling Towers  - Concept, Function and classification  - Construction and working of cooling towers    |    |     |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|-----|
| Gas Turbines  7.1 Concept and classifications  7.2 Brayton cycle  - P-v and T-s diagram  - Actual cycle  7.3 Open and closed cycle gas turbine  7.4 Performance improvement methods  - Intercooling  - Reheating  - Regeneration  7.5 Combustion chamber  7.6 Usages of gas turbine  7.7 Simple numerical | 06 |  13 |
| Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | 45 | 100 |

## Suggested Specification Table with Marks (Theory):

## Distribution of Theory Marks (in %)

|   R Level |   U Level |   A Level | N Level   | E Level   | C Level   |
|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
|        37 |        38 |        25 | -         | -         | -         |

Where R: Remember; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create (as per Revised Bloom's Taxonomy)

## References/Suggested Learning Resources:

## (a) Books:

|   Sr.  No. | Title of Books                      | Author                  | Publication& ISBN   |
|------------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------|---------------------|
|          1 | A Textbook of Thermal Engineering   | R S Khurmi & J K  Gupta | S. Chand & Co.      |
|          2 | Thermal Engineering                 | R K Rajput              | Laxmi.Publications  |
|          3 | Thermodynamics and Heat Power Engg. | Mathur and Mehta        | Tata Mcgraw- Hill   |

w

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma

## Branch: Mechanical Engineering Subject Code: DI04019011

Subject Name  : Thermal Engineering - I

|   4. | Heat Engines           | Pandya and Shah   | Charotar Publishing  House   |
|------|------------------------|-------------------|------------------------------|
|    5 | Heat and mass transfer | R K Rajput        | S. Chand & Co.               |
|    6 | Heat and mass transfer | D S Kumar         | S K Kataria & Sons           |
|    7 | Thermal Engineering    | P. L. Ballaney    | Khanna Publishers            |

## (b) Open source software and website:

1. https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=1&amp;brch=194
2. https://virtuallabs.hkust.edu.hk/TubularHeatExchanger/VirtualExperiment
3. https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=1&amp;brch=194&amp;sim=709&amp;cnt=4
4. https://www.spiraxsarco.com/resources-and-design-tools/steam-tables/superheated-steam-region
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHcZdknYtkY
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGFDqqX\_Iek&amp;list=PLLy\_2iUCG87BT8H9uMufjrcPF5e6 Qd2bz&amp;index=7
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1Yt4ibYXfA&amp;list=PLLy\_2iUCG87BT8H9uMufjrcPF5e6Q d2bz&amp;index=12
8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuLFDzQVTU4&amp;list=PLLy\_2iUCG87BT8H9uMufjrcPF5e 6Qd2bz&amp;index=16
9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hx5xy33spnU&amp;list=PLLy\_2iUCG87BT8H9uMufjrcPF5e6Q d2bz&amp;index=17
10. Aspen plus simulation software
11. EES (Engineering Equation Solver) software

## Suggested Course Practical List

1. Determine thermal conductivity /emissivity of given material for given condition.
2. Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient and LMTD of a heat exchanger.
3. Performance test on reciprocating air compressor.
4. Determine the steam properties using: (a) Steam table, (b) Mollier chart.
5. Demonstrate Steam boilers.
6. Determinate boiler efficiency, equivalent evaporation, and heat balance sheet by collecting data from the industry.
7. Demonstrate various steam turbines.
8. Demonstrate steam condensers.
9. Demonstrate cooling towers.

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Mechanical Engineering Subject Code: DI04019011

Subject Name  : Thermal Engineering - I

10. Demonstrate the Gas Turbine Power Plant System.

## List of Laboratory/Learning Resources Required:

1. Parallel and counter flow heat exchanger test rig.
2. Emissivity measurement test rig.
3. Multi wall thermal conductivity measuring test rig.
4. Two-stage reciprocating air compressor test rig.
5. Models/charts of various steam boilers.
6. Steam Tables.
7. Mollier Charts.
8. Models/charts of various steam turbines.
9. Models/charts of various steam condensers.
10. Models/charts of various cooling towers.
11. Models/charts of various gas turbine power plant systems/components.

## Suggested Project List:

1. Make a Model of any heat exchanger with parallel and counter flow arrangement in a workshop with 4-6 students in a group.
2. Prepare a tabulated summary of the types of air compressors available in the market. (Summary includes type, specification, rate, and applications).
3. Collect and analyze technical specifications of Reciprocating / Rotary Air Compressors from manufacturers' websites and other resources.
4. Prepare a demonstration model/chart of boiler for different type of fuel.
5. Collect  information  about  nearby  industries  and  collect  technical  data  of  major  thermal devices/equipment's.
6. Carry  out  a  comparative  study  of  conventional  boilers  used  in  industries  and  the  upcoming latest technologies in a boiler.

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma

## Branch: Mechanical Engineering

Subject Code: DI04019011

Subject Name  : Thermal Engineering - I

7. Prepare a display chart of different types of condensers along the with application.
8. Prepare a display chart of different types cooling towers along the with application.
9. Prepare a display chart of different gas turbine power plant components.
10. Arrange a visit and prepare a report on nearby process industry particularly related to Thermal utilities.
11. Undertake 2 to 5 days of training in a Thermal Power Plant.
12. Make a PowerPoint presentation on the latest industrial trends in heat exchangers, compressors, turbines, condenser and cooling towers.

## Suggested Activities for Students:

1. Collect/ download  product  catalogues  with  a  specification of various types of  energy conservation equipment/ devices and heat exchangers of recent trends.
2. List  out  at  least  ten  devices  that  require  heat  transfer  and  identify  ways  of  energy  loss  in particular device.  Also, state the mode of heat transfer and methods used to prevent heat loss.
3. Prepare a chart/presentation to select a particular heat exchanger for a particular application.
4. Prepare a chart/presentation to select a particular air compressor for a particular application.
5. Select at least three problems on the boiler performance and prepare a report containing their solutions.
6. Prepare a chart/presentation to select a particular boiler for a particular application.
7. Prepare a chart/presentation for a selection criterion for a condenser.
8. Prepare a chart/presentation for a selection criterion for the cooling tower.
9. Prepare a chart/presentation for a selection criterion for the gas turbine components.

* * * * * * *