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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Electrical Engineering Subject Code: DI04009021

Subject Name: Energy Efficiency &amp; Audit

w. e. f. Academic Year:

2025-26

Semester:

4 th

Category of the Course:

Professional Elective - I

| Prerequisite:   | Basic  knowledge  of  electrical  engineering,  machines,  and  electrical  measurements.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
|-----------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Rationale:      | This course provides practical knowledge and hands-on skills in energy  efficiency  and  energy  auditing.  It  focuses  on  improving  the  energy  performance of motors, transformers, lighting, HVAC, and utility systems  in  industrial  and  building  environments.  The  course  also  covers  systematic  energy  audit  procedures,  cost-benefit  analysis,  and  safety  practices in accordance with BEE guidelines, preparing students for roles  in energy auditing and industrial operations. |

## Course Outcomes :

After Completion of the Course, Student will be able to:

|   No | Course Outcomes                                                                                                          | RBT  Level*   |
|------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------|
|   01 | Explain the fundamentals of energy audit and management                                                                  | R, U          |
|   02 | Understand  energy  efficiency  standards,  interpret  star  ratings  of  electrical  appliances and energy saving.      | U, A          |
|   03 | Analyze  reactive  power  and  capacitor-based  compensation  of  improved  in  system efficiency                        | A             |
|   04 | Analyze  performance  and  apply  methods  to  improve  efficiency  in  electrical  equipment, lighting and distribution | U, A          |
|   05 | Understand consumer tariff categories, tariff components, energy charges and  calculate energy bill.                     | R, A          |

*Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (RBT)

## Teaching and Examination Scheme:

| Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Total Credits  L+T+ (PR/2)   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Total   Marks   |
|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|-----------------|
| L                             | T                             | PR                            | C                            | Theory                         | Theory                         | Tutorial / Practical           | Tutorial / Practical           |                 |
|                               |                               |                               |                              | ESE (E)                        | PA(M)                          | PA(I)                          | ESE (V)                        |                 |
| 3                             | 0                             | 2                             | 4                            | 70                             | 30                             | 20                             | 30                             | 150             |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Electrical Engineering Subject Code: DI04009021

Subject Name: Energy Efficiency &amp; Audit

## Course Content:

|   Unit  No. | Content                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |   No. of  Hours | % of  Weightage   |
|-------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|-------------------|
|           1 | Unit 1:  Energy  Management & Audit  India's energy demand and per capital consumption (2024)   Terminology:  Power,  energy,  energy  audit,  demand  side  management, PAT scheme, energy intensity   First and second law of thermodynamics   Scheme of  BEE  under  energy  conservation  act  (only  names),  Energy  intensive  industries,  National  mission  for  enhanced  energy efficiency (NMEEE)   Energy Audit: Need of energy audit, preliminary, targeted and  detailed  energy  audit,  pre  audit  phase  and  post  audit  phase,  classification of ENCON measures   Energy performance: Plant energy performance and production  factor   Electrical  measuring  instruments:  Non-contact  infrared  thermometer,  stroboscope,  lux  meter,  smart  energy  meter,  thermography   Sankey diagram of three phase induction motor   Financial  management:  simple  payback  period,  net  present  value and cash flow, return on investment and internal rate of |               8 | 18%               |
|           2 | return, case study of payback period  Unit 2 :  Star Level & Energy Saving    Technical Details of Standards & Label  Star  label  applicable  to  Mandatory  appliance  and  voluntary  appliance  Significance  of  star  label  1,  2,  3,  4  and  5  of  frost-free  refrigerator,  color  TV,  washing  machine,  Tubular  Fluorescent  lamps, Room Air conditioner, ceiling fan, Electronic / Magnetic  ballast, Distribution transformer, Solid state inverter, Induction  motor,  Agricultural  pump  sets,  Solid-state  inverter  &  EV  Charger   Case study of energy saving in case of energy efficient water  pump and Distribution transformer considering star rating  Window & Split AC   Operating principal of Air conditioner: Evaporation,  Compression, Condensation and Expansion  Types of Room Air conditioner (RAC): Window AC & Split                                                                                                                            |              10 | 22%               |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Electrical Engineering Subject Code: DI04009021

Subject Name: Energy Efficiency &amp; Audit

|    | AC   Terminology: Energy efficiency ratio (EER) and Indian  seasonal energy efficiency ratio (ISEER)  Methods of evaluation of ISEER and significance  Variable Frequency drive compressors  Window & Split AC star rating  Improve RAC efficiency: Advanced heat exchangers, advanced  compressor, electronic expansion valves and high efficiency  motors, Dual barrier, Power plasma, Low GMP refrigerants  IoT based applications in RAC, super-efficient air conditioner                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |    |     |
|----|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|-----|
|  3 | Unit 3 :  Reactive Power Compensation    Concept  of  reactive  power,  causes  of  low  power  factor,  advantages of reactive power management by capacitor   Centralized compensation, individual and group compensation   Capacitor  rating  for  power  factor  improvement  by  using  standard table and formula   Effect  of  power  factor  on  three  phase  line  current,  explain  by  case study   Effect of power factor on copper losses, explain by case study   Capacitor rating for star and delta connection   Effect  of  power  factor  on  cable  size  and  energy  saving,  case  study                                                                                                                                                                                               |  5 | 11% |
|  4 | Unit 4 :  Energy Efficiency in Electrical and Utility Systems  Major  Energy-Consuming  Loads  -  Motors,  lighting,  HVAC,  transformers, compressors  Distribution transformer   Energy efficient distribution transformer   Methods of reducing core loss and load loss   Compare amorphous and CRGO core material   Choice of liquid and dry transformer considering efficiency   Effect of loading on transformer rating   Reduction of load loss due to increase in power factor   Star level of distribution transformer   Total cost of ownership of transformer and case study  Energy efficient induction motor   Energy  efficient  motors,  international  efficiency  classes  IE4,  IE3, IE2 and IE1,    Effect of load and power factor on efficiency   Methods to minimize losses in motor | 16 | 36% |

Page 3 of 9

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering

Level: Diploma Branch: Electrical Engineering Subject Code: DI04009021

Subject Name: Energy Efficiency &amp; Audit

|    |  Calculate  three  phase  unbalance  voltage,  effect  of  voltage  unbalance on temperature rise, calculation of loading of motor   Performance  of  induction  motor  in  Star  and  Delta  connection  during light load   Case  study  of  payback  period  of  energy  efficient  motor  is  replaced by three phase induction motor   Selection  of  proper  capacitor  bank  for  power  factor  improvement   Methods  of  load  survey  methodology  -  sampling,  measurement, and analysis  Lighting system   Relation between watt and lumens   Terminology:  luminous  flux,  Illuminance,  inverse  square  law,  luminous efficacy, colour rendering index   Working of LED, energy flow diagram of LED, Advantages of  electronic ballast over magnetic ballast   Lighting design: Light reflectance value, room index, utilization  factor, number of light fittings, distance between two fixtures,  Case study   Replacement of LED by Fluorescent tube light, energy saving  and payback period, case study  Distribution System   Methods to determine energy loss: Direct method and Indirect  method   Causes of technical losses, Measures to reduce technical losses   Commercial losses, Calculation of AT & C losses, measures to  reduces commercial losses  Demand Side Management (DSM)   Meaning of DSM, DSM Methodology, meaning of load shape   |    |     |
|----|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|-----|
|  5 | objective  Unit 5 :  Tariff    Category  of  consumers:  RGP,  RGP  (rural),  GLP,  Non-  RGP,  LTMD, LTP, AG, HTP-I to IV, LT & HV Electric Vehicle   Terminology:  Demand  charge,  contact  demand,  seasonal  consumers, energy charge etc.   Energy  bill  components  for  tariff  of  RGP  and  RGP  (rural),  GLP, NON - RGP   Tariff for LTMD: Demand charge, energy charges, time of use                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |  6 | 13% |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering

Level: Diploma Branch: Electrical Engineering Subject Code: DI04009021

Subject Name: Energy Efficiency &amp; Audit

| charges,  reactive  energy  charges,  billing  demand,  minimum  bill, seasonal consumer   Tariff  for  LTP  -  Lift  irrigation:  Fixed  charges  and  energy  charge   Tariff for AG: HP based tariff, metered tariff   Tariff for HTP-I & HTP-II: Demand charges, energy charges,  time  of  use  charges,  billing  demand,  minimum  bill,  power  factor adjusting charges, rebate   Tariff  for  LT  &  HT  Electric  vehicle  charging  stations:  Fixed  charge & energy charge   Case study of electricity bill  calculation  for  RGP,  LTMD and  HTP-1 considering all government charges   |    |      |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|------|
| Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | 45 | 100% |

## Suggested Specification Table with Marks (Theory):

## Distribution of Theory Marks (in %)

| R Level   | U Level   | A Level   |   N Level |   E Level |   C Level |
|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
| 10 %      | 35 %      | 55 %      |        00 |        00 |        00 |

Where R: Remember; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create (as per Revised Bloom's Taxonomy)

## References/Suggested Learning Resources:

## (a) Reference Books:

- 1 Guidebook on Energy Efficiency - Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
- 2 Energy Engineering and Management - Amlan Chakrabarti
- 3 Energy Management and Conservation Handbook - Frank Kreith &amp; D. Yogi Goswami
- 4 Energy Audit and Management - Abhishek Singh
- 5 Non-Conventional Energy Resources - G.D. Rai
- 6 Electrical Energy Utilization &amp; Conservation - S.C. Tripathy, Tata McGraw-Hill.
- 7 Design of Electrical Systems for Energy Efficiency - S. Wadhwa, New Age International.
- 8 Handbook on Energy Efficiency - TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute).
- 9 Industrial Energy Management and Utilization - L.C. Witte, P.S. Schmidt, D.R. Brown, Hemisphere Publishing.
- 10 Guide to Energy Management - Barney L. Capehart, Wayne C. Turner, CRC Press.

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Electrical Engineering Subject Code: DI04009021

Subject Name: Energy Efficiency &amp; Audit

- 11 ISO 50001: Energy Management Standard - International Organization for Standardization (official documentation).
- 12 Energy Management Handbook - Wayne C. Turner, CRC Press.

12

## (b) Open-Source Software and Website:

| Topic                                 | Resource  Type     | Link                                                                  |
|---------------------------------------|--------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Energy Basics &  Conversion Tools     | Tutorial           | https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Main_Page                     |
| Energy Data &  Scenario               | Data Portal        | https://niti.gov.in/energy-dashboard                                  |
| Sustainability &  Climate             | Educational        | https://sdgs.un.org/goals                                             |
| Carbon Footprint  Calculator          | Calculator         | https://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx                       |
| Motors,  Transformers,  Lighting      | Manuals            | https://beeindia.gov.in/energy-efficiency-manuals                     |
| DSM & Power  Factor                   | Case  Studies      | https://www.opendss.com/                                              |
| EV & Harmonics                        | Simulation  Tool   | https://www.epri.com/research/products/3002000700                     |
| Energy Audit  Guides                  | Guidebook          | https://beeindia.gov.in/energy-auditor-guidebooks                     |
| ROI & Financial  Tools                | Software           | https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/maps-tools- publications/tools/retscreen/7465 |
| Digital Audit  Tools                  | Dashboard          | https://openenergymonitor.org/                                        |
| Smart Metering &  IoT                 | DIY Kits           | https://openenergymonitor.org/                                        |
| Data  Visualization                   | Dashboard  Tool    | https://grafana.com/                                                  |
| Policies &  Standards                 | Official  Document | https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2003/1/A2001- 52.pdf |
| Green Buildings                       | Guidelines         | https://grihaindia.org/                                               |
| Future Tech (EV,  BESS, Smart  Grids) | Resource  Center   | https://smartgrid.ieee.org/                                           |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Electrical Engineering Subject Code: DI04009021

Subject Name: Energy Efficiency &amp; Audit

RETScreen Expert : A free software tool for energy efficiency and renewable energy project analysis https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/maps-tools-publications/tools/retscreen/7465

Suggested Course Practical List: Each week includes one lab sessions (2 hours), designed such that they complement theory topics, means each experiment directly supports the classroom teaching.

|   Sr.  No. | Practical Outcome/Title of experiment                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |   Unit/  CO |   Approx.  Hours |
|------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------|------------------|
|          1 | Estimate  energy  saving  calculation  by  performing  switching  operation  on  LED lamp of 2 Star and 5 Star. (Case study is applicable for 1000 LEDs,  energy  saving  calculation  on  yearly  basis  and  calculate  payback  period,  assume 10 hours per day operation of LEDs)                                 |           2 |                2 |
|          2 | Estimate  energy  saving  calculation  by  performing  switching  operation  onMagnetic  ballast  and  Energy  saving  electronic  ballast.  (Case  study  is  applicable  for  1000  LEDs,  energy  saving  calculation  on  yearly  basis  and  calculate payback period, assume 10 hours per day operation of LEDs) |           2 |                2 |
|          3 | Perform power factor improvement by capacitor connection in single phase  circuit, calculate reactive power before and after and interpret result                                                                                                                                                                      |           3 |                2 |
|          4 | Perform  power  factor  improvement  by  capacitor  in  the  star  and  delta  connection in three phase circuit, calculate reactive power before and after  and interpret result                                                                                                                                      |           3 |                4 |
|          5 | Measurement  of  no  load  and  full  load  reactive  power  of  three  phase  induction motor and interpret result                                                                                                                                                                                                    |           3 |                2 |
|          6 | Perform testing on single-phase transformer at no load test, estimate energy  loss (kWh) yearly due to core loss.                                                                                                                                                                                                      |           4 |                2 |
|          7 | Perform  testing  on  single  phase  transformer  at  50%  and  75%  and  100%  load,  estimate  energy  loss  (kWh)  yearly  due  to  change  in  loading  of  transformer.                                                                                                                                           |           4 |                4 |
|          8 | Estimate  saving  in  copper  loss  due  to  increase  in  load  power  factor  by  performing test on single phase / three phase transformer                                                                                                                                                                          |           4 |                2 |
|          9 | Perform testing on same rating of amorphous core and CRGO core single- phase transformer at no load and estimate energy saving (kWh) yearly due to  core loss.                                                                                                                                                         |           4 |                4 |
|         10 | Perform the test on three phase induction motor with winding connection in  star as well as delta during light load. (Estimate amount of energy saving in  kWh per annum considering 12/18/24 hours operation per day)                                                                                                 |           4 |                4 |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering

Level: Diploma Branch: Electrical Engineering Subject Code: DI04009021

Subject Name: Energy Efficiency &amp; Audit

|   11 | Compare performance analysis in the tabular form of energy efficient motor  IE1,  IE2  and  IE3  (https://new.abb.com/service/service/motion/energy- efficiency-and-circularity/energy-savings-calculator )   |   4 |   2 |
|------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----|-----|
|   12 | Measurement of illuminance by applying inverse square law                                                                                                                                                     |   4 |   2 |
|   13 | Interpret and explain each component of the three-phase energy meter bill of  small industry                                                                                                                  |   5 |   2 |

Subject In-charge can add performance experiment only

## List of Laboratory/Learning Resources Required:

| Category                          | Equipment / Tool                | Specifications / Notes                                                  |
|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| A. Measuring  Instruments         | Clamp-on Digital Power  Meter   | AC/DC, true RMS                                                         |
| A. Measuring  Instruments         | Power Analyzer                  | Harmonics measurement, THD analysis                                     |
| A. Measuring  Instruments         | Digital Wattmeter &  Multimeter | Standard lab usage                                                      |
| A. Measuring  Instruments         | Lux Meter                       | For lighting audit                                                      |
| A. Measuring  Instruments         | Infrared Thermometer            | Measures surface temperature                                            |
| A. Measuring  Instruments         | Thermal Imaging  Camera         | Optional - shared use                                                   |
| A. Measuring  Instruments         | Data Loggers                    | Portable, USB/SD card-based                                             |
| A. Measuring  Instruments         | Smart Energy Meters             | With communication port (MODBUS/Wi-Fi)                                  |
| B. Electrical Machines  & Systems | Distribution Transformer        | CRGO core, ~1 kVA lab unit                                              |
| B. Electrical Machines  & Systems | Energy-Efficient  Transformer   | Amorphous core - demo model / simulation                                |
| B. Electrical Machines  & Systems | Induction Motors                | Single-phase & three-phase, 0.5-5 HP range                              |
| B. Electrical Machines  & Systems | Capacitor Bank / APFC  Panel    | Lab-scale, 3-5 kVAR                                                     |
| B. Electrical Machines  & Systems | Lighting Setup                  | CFL, Tube light, LED, Sensor-based lighting                             |
| B. Electrical Machines  & Systems | HVAC Lab Setup                  | Room AC, Cooler, or Split AC with smart plug  for monitoring            |
| B. Electrical Machines  & Systems | Pump/Fan/Blower with  VFD       | Lab demo unit ~0.5-1 HP                                                 |
| C. Software / Digital             | Audit & Simulation  Software    | RETScreen (free), HOMER (trial), Open Source  Energy Audit Spreadsheets |
| Tools                             | Basic Data Analysis             | Excel / MATLAB (if available)                                           |
| Tools                             | IoT Dashboard Platforms         | ThingSpeak, Grafana, Blynk                                              |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Electrical Engineering Subject Code: DI04009021

Subject Name: Energy Efficiency &amp; Audit

## Suggested Activities for Students:

To  enhance  the  learning  outcomes  of  the  'Energy  Efficiency  and  Audit'  course,  students  are encouraged  to  participate  in co-curricular activities that  provide  practical  exposure  to  energy conservation, auditing techniques, and efficiency improvement measures.

- Measure electrical energy consumption in classrooms, laboratories, or small workshops using energy meters.
- Record and analyze load patterns, peak demand, and energy consumption trends.
- Identify areas of energy loss and suggest practical energy-saving measures.
- Calculate efficiency of motors, lighting systems, and other electrical equipment using standard formulas and instruments.
- Study real-life case reports on industrial or commercial energy-saving initiatives

Suggested Project List: Suggested Project List as given below:

## Individual Level - Fundamental Activities

- Prepare a monthly energy consumption profile of your home/hostel from electricity bills.
- Develop an energy use pie-chart (lighting, fans, AC, appliances) for a single room.
- Case study: Compare star-rated vs. non-star-rated appliance (e.g., refrigerator, fan).
- Prepare a report on peak load demand vs. average demand from actual load data.

## Group Level - Hands-on Projects / Circuit Implementation and Testing

- Transformer efficiency measurement at different loads.
- Testing of induction motor efficiency with power analyzer.
- IoT-based smart plug for monitoring AC/fan power use.
- Lighting audit project - measure lux levels in labs/hostels and propose LED retrofits.
- HVAC energy audit using smart wattmeter and thermostat sensors.
- Smart meter data logging project - analyze load profile of a lab/classroom.
- Build a simple Arduino-based IoT energy monitoring system with voltage/current sensors.

## Advanced Activities (Skill-Based Activities)

- Develop an IoT-based wireless multi-load energy monitoring dashboard.
- Mini-project:  Digital  energy  audit  report  for  a  college  block  using  open-source  software (RETScreen , Excel-based Models).
- Study of EV charging station load management and its impact on distribution transformer.
- Develop a low-cost daylight harvesting system using LDR sensors for classrooms.

*******