## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ## Program Name: Diploma Engineering ## Level: Diploma ## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy Subject Code: DI05000191 Subject Name: Power System Operation and Management w. e. f. Academic Year: 2026-27 Semester: 5 th Category of the Course: PEC-03 | Prerequisite: | Basic knowledge of electrical engineering, electrical machines and power generation, transmission and distribution systems. | |-----------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Rationale: | This course provides practical knowledge of operation and management of electrical power systems at diploma level. It focuses on the basic structure and representation of power systems, power system operation and load dispatch, HVAC and HVDC transmission concepts, FACTS devices, demand side management, and modern concepts such as smart grid and microgrid. The course helps students understand the practical methods used for efficient, reliable and economical operation of power systems and develops awareness about modern technologies used in transmission, control, monitoring and energy management. | ## Course Outcomes : After Completion of the Course, Student will be able to: | No | Course Outcomes | RBT Level* | |------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------| | 01 | Explain the fundamentals of power system structure, representation and basic operating quantities. | R, U | | 02 | Explain power system operation, voltage control and load dispatch methods. | U, A | | 03 | Explain the basic concepts and applications of HVAC system, HVDC system and FACTS devices in power systems. | U, A | | 04 | Explain the principles and applications of demand side management for efficient utilization of electrical power. | U, A | | 05 | Explain the basic concept, components and applications of smart grid and microgrid in modern power systems. | R, U | *Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (RBT) ## Teaching and Examination Scheme: | Teaching Scheme (in Hours) | Teaching Scheme (in Hours) | Teaching Scheme (in Hours) | Total Credits L+T+ (PR/2) | Total Credits L+T+ (PR/2) | Assessment Pattern and Marks | Assessment Pattern and Marks | Assessment Pattern and Marks | Total Marks | |-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|------------------------------|------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|-----------------| | L | T | PR | C | Theory | Theory | Tutorial / Practical | Tutorial / Practical | | | L | T | PR | C | ESE (E) | PA(M) | PA(I) | ESE (V) | | | 3 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 70 | 30 | 30 | 20 | 150 | ## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy Subject Code: DI05000191 Subject Name: Power System Operation and Management ## Course Content: | Unit No. | Content | No. of Hours | % of Weightage | |-------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|-------------------| | 1 | Unit 1: Power System Fundamentals and Representation  Structure of generation, transmission and distribution system  Single line diagram of power system  Impedance / reactance diagram  Single-phase representation of balanced three-phase system  Per unit system and simple examples  Active power, reactive power, apparent power and power factor | 8 | 18% | | 2 | Unit 2: Power System Operation, Control and Load Dispatch  Need for power system operation and control  Transmission line voltage control  Real and reactive power transfer in transmission lines  Conventional methods of power system control  Automatic Generation Control (AGC)  Functions of load dispatch center / SLDC  Introduction to economic load dispatch  Basic idea of unit commitment | 8 | 18% | | 3 | Unit 3: HVAC/HVDC Systems, FACTS Devices and Reactive Power Management  Introduction to HVAC transmission system  Need of high voltage transmission  Merits and limitations of HVAC transmission  Introduction to HVDC transmission system  Basic components of HVDC system  Merits and limitations of HVDC transmission  Basic comparison of HVAC and HVDC systems  Need for reactive power compensation  Series, shunt and series-shunt compensation  Introduction to FACTS devices  Types of FACTS controllers like SVC, STATCOM, TCSC, SSSC, UPFC etc.  Applications of FACTS devices in voltage control, power flow control and stability improvement | 12 | 27% | ## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ## Program Name: Diploma Engineering ## Level: Diploma ## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy Subject Code: DI05000191 Subject Name: Power System Operation and Management | |  Advantages and limitations of FACTS devices | | | |----|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|------| | 4 | Unit 4: Demand Side Management (DSM)  Introduction to Demand Side Management  Need and objectives of DSM  Load curve and load duration curve  Maximum demand  Demand factor, diversity factor and load factor  Peak clipping  Valley filling  Load shifting  Energy conservation through DSM  Tariff-based demand control  Consumer participation in load management  Applications of DSM in domestic, commercial and industrial sectors | 8 | 18% | | 5 | Unit 5: Smart Grid and Microgrid  Introduction to smart grid  Need and objectives of smart grid  Elements of smart grid  Smart meter and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)  Communication and monitoring in smart grid  Demand response concept  Introduction to distributed generation  Introduction to microgrid  Components of microgrid  Grid-connected mode and islanded mode of microgrid  Role of renewable energy sources in microgrid  Role of battery energy storage in microgrid  Advantages and applications of smart grid and microgrid | 9 | 20% | | | | 45 | 100% | Page 3 of 8 ## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ## Program Name: Diploma Engineering ## Level: Diploma ## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy ## Subject Code: DI05000191 Subject Name: Power System Operation and Management ## Distribution of Theory Marks (in %) | R Level | U Level | A Level | N Level | E Level | C Level | |-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| | 15% | 45% | 40% | 00 | 00 | 00 | Where R: Remember; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create (as per Revised Bloom's Taxonomy) ## References/Suggested Learning Resources: ## (a) Reference Books: - V.K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta, Principles of Power System. - I.J. Nagrath and D.P. Kothari, Modern Power System Analysis. - Nagrath and Kothari, Power System Engineering. - C.L. Wadhwa, Electrical Power Systems. - S. Rao, Power System Operation and Control. - K.R. Padiyar, FACTS Controllers in Power Transmission and Distribution. - James Momoh, Smart Grid: Fundamentals of Design and Analysis. - Hadi Saadat, Power System Analysis. - J.B. Gupta, Utilization of Electrical Power and Electric Traction. - V.K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta, Principles of Power System. - I.J. Nagrath and D.P. Kothari, Modern Power System Analysis. - Nagrath and Kothari, Power System Engineering. ## (b) Open-Source Software and Website: | Topic | Resource Type | Link | |--------------------------------------|-----------------|-----------------------------------| | Power System Basics | Educational | NPTEL | | Load Flow / Power System Simulation | Software | OpenDSS | | Demand Side Management | Educational | Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) | | Smart Grid Basics | Resource Center | IEEE Smart Grid | | HVDC / FACTS / Transmission | Educational | Electrical Engineering Portal | | Renewable and Microgrid Learning | Educational | U.S. Department of Energy | ## Suggested Course Practical List: ## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy Subject Code: DI05000191 Subject Name: Power System Operation and Management Each week includes one lab sessions (2 hours), designed such that they complement theory topics, means each experiment directly supports the classroom teaching. ## Suggested Software: 1. MATLAB 2. Simulink / Simscape Electrical 3. OpenDSS 4. PSCAD 5. DIgSILENT Power Factory 6. SCILAB 7. ETAP 8. MiPower | Sr. No. | Practical Outcome/Title of experiment | Unit/ CO | Approx. Hours | |------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------|------------------| | 1 | Perform per unit calculation and power quantity calculation for a simple power system. | 1 / CO1 | 2 | | 2 | Simulation of real and reactive power control using transformer tap changer. | 2 / CO2 | 2 | | 3 | Study of economic load dispatch for a multi-generator power system through simulation. | 2 / CO2 | 2 | | 4 | Study of power sharing among generating units using economic load dispatch through simulation. | 2 / CO2 | 2 | | 5 | Comparative study of HVAC and HVDC transmission systems under different transmission conditions through simulation | 3 / CO3 | 2 | | 6 | Reactive power compensation in transmission system using series, shunt and series-shunt compensation methods through simulation. | 3 / CO3 | 2 | | 7 | Voltage control in transmission system using FACTS devices such as SVC and STATCOM through simulation. | 3 / CO3 | 2 | | 8 | Power flow control in transmission system using FACTS controllers such as TCSC, SSSC and UPFC through simulation. | 3 / CO3 | 2 | | 9 | Stability improvement in power system using FACTS devices through simulation. | 3 / CO3 | 2 | | 10 | Study of demand side management techniques such as peak clipping, valley filling and load shifting through simulation. | 4 / CO4 | 2 | Page 5 of 8 ## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ## Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy Subject Code: DI05000191 Subject Name: Power System Operation and Management | 11 | Study of load curve and load duration curve for different load conditions through simulation | 4 / CO4 | 2 | |------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|-----| | 12 | Study of demand response in smart grid through simulation | 5 / CO5 | 2 | | 13 | Study of renewable energy sources and battery energy storage in microgrid through simulation | 5 / CO5 | 2 | Subject In-charge can add performance experiment only ## List of Laboratory/Learning Resources Required: | Equipment / Tool | Specifications / Notes | |---------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------| | Power system single line diagram charts | For classroom and lab demonstration | | HVAC and HVDC transmission models / charts | Introductory level | | FACTS devices charts / posters | SVC, STATCOM, TCSC, SSSC, UPFC | | Voltmeter, Ammeter, Wattmeter, Multimeter | Standard lab usage | | Power factor meter / power analyzer | For demonstration | | Clamp meter | Portable measurement | | Capacitor bank / PF improvement setup | Single-phase / three-phase | | Transformer tap changing setup / model | Demonstration purpose | | Small transmission line model / panel | Basic experiment | | Power system simulation software | MATLAB / Simulink or open- source tool | | Spreadsheet tools | For load curve and DSM calculations | ## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ## Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma ## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy Subject Code: DI05000191 Subject Name: Power System Operation and Management ## E. Smart Grid / Microgrid Learning Smart energy meter With display / communication feature Solar PV demo kit / battery model For microgrid demonstration Microgrid block model / trainer Basic concept-level use ## Suggested Activities for Students To enhance the learning outcomes of the course, students are encouraged to participate in co-curricular activities that provide practical exposure to power system operation, control and management. -  Prepare a chart showing the structure of generation, transmission and distribution system. -  Collect and study electricity load data of home, lab or workshop and draw load curve. -  Prepare a comparison chart of HVAC and HVDC transmission systems. -  Prepare a seminar on different FACTS devices and their applications. -  Visit a substation, control room, SLDC or distribution office and prepare a report. -  Study demand side management methods used in domestic or industrial installations. -  Prepare a report on smart meter, smart grid and microgrid applications in Gujarat or India. -  Study a case of renewable energy integration in a microgrid. ## Suggested Project List ## Individual Level - Fundamental Activities -  Prepare a report on the power flow from generating station to end consumer. -  Develop a load curve of household or laboratory load. -  Compare HVAC and HVDC transmission systems with suitable applications. -  Prepare a case study on demand side management in a domestic consumer. -  Study smart grid applications used in modern distribution systems. ## Group Level - Hands-on Projects / Circuit Implementation and Testing -  Reactive power compensation using capacitor bank. -  Mini project on load management of a laboratory or classroom. Page 7 of 8 ## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ## Program Name: Diploma Engineering ## Level: Diploma ## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy Subject Code: DI05000191 Subject Name: Power System Operation and Management -  Simulation of simple transmission system with FACTS device concept. -  Smart meter-based monitoring of classroom electrical load. -  Prepare a model of solar-based microgrid with battery storage. ## Advanced Activities (Skill-Based Activities) -  Case study on voltage control methods in transmission system. -  Load dispatch and demand response study for a small consumer group. -  Study of distributed generation and its effect on microgrid operation. -  Survey of smart metering infrastructure in local utility area. *********