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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy

Course / Subject Code : DI03000091

Course / Subject Name  : Electrical Instrumentation

w. e. f. Academic Year:

2024-25

Semester:

3rd

Category of the Course:

PCC

| Prerequisite:   | Acquaintance with basic concepts of electrical circuit.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
|-----------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Rationale:      | Precise  measurement  of  the  quantities  such  as  voltage,  current,  power,  temperature,  pressure  etc.  is  essential  to  operate  and  maintain  the  electrical  machines and systems effectively and efficiently. Transducers and instruments are  the  devices  which  are  used  to  measure  such  parameters.  The  electrical  diploma  engineer  should  therefore  be  competent  to  use,  calibrate  and  maintain  different  types  of  electrical  instrumentation  systems  and  transducers  used  in  the  industry  and  power  systems.  This  demands  a  better  understanding  of  the  construction,  material  used  and  principle  of  operation  of  various  types  of  measuring  instruments. This course is therefore designed to meet these needs and hence it is a  core course for any electrical engineer. |

## Course Outcome:

After Completion of the Course, Student will be able to:

|   No | Course Outcomes                                                                  | RBT Level   |
|------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------|
|   01 | Understand different terms related to measurement and instrumentation            | U           |
|   02 | Use potentiometers and DC & AC bridges for measurement of electrical quantities. | A           |
|   03 | Use electromechanical instruments for measurement of electrical quantities.      | A           |
|   04 | Calibrate ammeter, voltmeter, wattmeter and energy meter as per IS.              | A           |
|   05 | Use transducers to measure various non-electrical quantities.                    | A           |

*Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (RBT)

P a g e  | 1

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering

## Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy

Course / Subject Code : DI03000091

Course / Subject Name  : Electrical Instrumentation

## Teaching and Examination Scheme:

| Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Total  Credits  L+T+  (PR/2)   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Total   |
|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|---------|
| L                             | T                             | PR                            |                                | Theory                         | Theory                         | Tutorial / Practical           | Tutorial / Practical           | Marks   |
|                               |                               |                               | C                              | ESE  (E)                       | PA(M)                          | PA(I)                          | ESE (V)                        |         |
| 3                             | 0                             | 2                             | 4                              | 70                             | 30                             | 20                             | 30                             | 150     |

## Course Content:

|   Unit  No. | Content                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |   No. of  Hours |   % of  Weightage |
|-------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|-------------------|
|           1 | FUNDAMENTALS  OF  MEASUREMENT  AND  INSTRUMENTATION   Methods of measurement -Direct and indirect method   Types  of  Instruments  -  Indicating,  integrating  and  recording,  absolute and secondary instrument    Generalised measurement system   Essential  torques  for  electromechanical  instruments:  Deflecting,  Controlling and damping torque   Terms  regarding  instrumentation:  Range,  true  value,  indicated  value,  error,  correction,  sensitivity,  repeatability,  reproducibility,  precision, Accuracy, significant figure, etc.    Types of error: gross error, systematic error, random error    Sources of error   Instrumentation system |               6 |                14 |
|           2 | POTENTIOMETERS AND BRIDGES   Construction  and  working  of  DC  potentiometer,  and  its  applications    Dial type and Crompton type (2 dial type only)   Low, medium, and high resistance    DC Bridges: Kelvin's double bridge, Wheatstone bridge,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |              10 |                22 |

P a g e  | 2

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy

Course / Subject Code : DI03000091

Course / Subject Name  : Electrical Instrumentation

|    |  High resistance measurement by Megger    Earth resistance measurement by Earth tester.    Types of AC Bridges for measurement of Inductance, Capacitance  & frequency   AC Bridges   Maxwell's Bridge for measurement of Inductance   De Sauty's Bridge for measurement of Capacitance   Universal  impedance  bridge  for  measurement  of  resistance,  inductance and capacitance                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |    |    |
|----|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|----|
|  3 | ELECTROMECHANICAL INSTRUMENTS   Classification of electromechanical instruments    Moving iron instruments: Ammeter, Voltmeter, Frequency meter   PMMC instruments: Ammeter, Voltmeter   Electrodynamometer type meter: Ammeter, Voltmeter, Wattmeter.    Measurement of 1-Ø power    Measurement of 3-Ø power by three wattmeter and two wattmeter  method   Induction type Energy meter (single phase, three phase)    Maximum  demand  meter,  Tri  vector  meter,  Phase  sequence  indicator, Solid state energy meter, Clip on meter     Extension of range using shunt, multipliers and derive equation for  them.     Extension of range of meters using instrument transformer like CT  and PT | 15 | 33 |
|  4 | CALIBRATION AND TESTING   Calibration and its importance    Calibration of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter and single-phase  energy meter as per IS                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |  4 |  9 |
|  5 | TRANSDUCERS  Basic requirements of transducers.    Classification  based  on:  Transduction  phenomenon,  type  of  application,  types  of  input  and  output  signal,  electrical  principle  involved etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | 10 | 22 |

P a g e  | 3

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy

Course / Subject Code : DI03000091

Course / Subject Name  : Electrical Instrumentation

|  Resistive Transducers   Inductive Transducers: LVDT, RVDT    Capacitive  Transducers,  Piezoelectric  Transducers,  Strain  Gauge  Transducers  (unbonded  and  bonded),  Thermocouple,  RTD,  Thermistor    Selection of Transducer   Measurement  of  non-electrical  quantities  using  abovementioned  transducers   Proximity sensor   |    |     |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|-----|
| Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | 45 | 100 |

## Suggested Specification Table with Marks (Theory):

## Distribution of Theory Marks (in %)

| R Level   | U Level   | A Level   | N Level   | E Level   | C Level   |
|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
| 25 %      | 35 %      | 40 %      | -         | -         | -         |

Where R: Remember; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create (as per Revised Bloom's Taxonomy)

## References/Suggested Learning Resources:

## (a) Books:

|   S.  No. | Title of Books                                    | Author          | Publication                                        |
|-----------|---------------------------------------------------|-----------------|----------------------------------------------------|
|         1 | Electrical and electronic  instruments            | Sawhney, A .K . | Dhanpat Rai Publications,  New Delhi, 2010         |
|         2 | Electrical Measurements:  fundamentals, concepts, | Reissland, M.U. | New Age International  publishers, New Delhi, 2008 |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering

## Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy Course / Subject Code : DI03000091

Course / Subject Name  : Electrical Instrumentation

|    | applications                                                         |                              |                                         |
|----|----------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|
|  3 | A course in electronics &  electrical measurement &  instrumentation | Gupta, J.B.                  | S.K. Kataria and Sons, New  Delhi, 2011 |
|  4 | Principles of measurement &  Instrumentation                         | Morris, Alan. S              | PHI publication, New Delhi,  2011       |
|  5 | Electrical Instrumentation                                           | Bakshi, U.A., Bakshi  A.V.   | Technical Publication,  Pune,2009       |
|  6 | Mechanical and industrial  measurements                              | Jain,R.K.                    | Khanna Publication, New  Delhi, 2010    |
|  7 | Electrical Measurements and  measuring instruments                   | Golding, E.W.,  Widdis, F.C. | Reem publications  New Delhi, 2011      |
|  8 | Electronic Measurements and  Instrumentation                         | K. Lal Kishore               | Pearson,  New Delhi, 2011               |

## (b) Open-source software and website:

1. www.vlab.co.in
2. https://www.circuitlab.com/
3. www.nptel.iitm.ac.in
4. www.khanacademy.org
5. https://phet.colorado.edu/
6. https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in
7. www.electrical4u.com
8. https://www.nde-ed.org/Physics/Magnetism/atommagnetism.xhtml
9. https://www.tinkercad.com/dashboard
10. https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/
11. https://www.electronicshub.org/
12. https://openstax.org/
13. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/8-02t-electricity-and-magnetism-spring-2005/pages/syllabus/

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering

## Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy

Course / Subject Code : DI03000091

Course / Subject Name  : Electrical Instrumentation

## Suggested Course Practical List:

|    | Sr. No.    Practical Outcome/Title of experiment                                                             | CO1   | CO2   | CO3   | CO4   | CO5   |
|----|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|
|  1 | Identify measuring instruments on the basis of  symbols on dial, type, accuracy, class,  position and scale. | √     |       |       |       |       |
|  2 | Measure medium resistance using Wheatstone  bridge.                                                          |       | √     |       |       |       |
|  3 | Measure low resistance using Kelvin's double  bridge.                                                        |       | √     |       |       |       |
|  4 | Measure inductance by using Maxwell bridge.                                                                  |       | √     |       |       |       |
|  5 | Measure inductance by using Universal  Impedance bridge.                                                     |       | √     |       |       |       |
|  6 | Measure capacitance by using Universal  Impedance bridge.                                                    |       | √     |       |       |       |
|  7 | Measure insulation resistance of winding  insulation by using Megger.                                        |       | √     |       |       |       |
|  8 | Measure earth resistance by using earth tester.                                                              |       | √     |       |       |       |
|  9 | Measure power drawn by three phase load  using two wattmeter method.                                         |       |       | √     |       |       |
| 10 | Measure different electrical parameters using  clip on meter.                                                |       |       | √     |       |       |
| 11 | Test phase sequence of three phase AC  supply using phase sequence indicator.                                |       |       | √     |       |       |
| 12 | Extend the range of ammeter and voltmeter  using CT and PT.                                                  |       |       | √     |       |       |
| 13 | Extend the range of ammeter and voltmeter  using shunt and multiplier.                                       |       |       | √     |       |       |
| 14 | Calibrate Ammeter (MI/MC) as per IS.                                                                         |       |       |       | √     |       |
| 15 | Calibrate Voltmeter (MI/MC) as per IS.                                                                       |       |       |       | √     |       |
| 16 | Calibrate Wattmeter as per IS.                                                                               |       |       |       | √     |       |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering

## Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy

Course / Subject Code : DI03000091

Course / Subject Name  : Electrical Instrumentation

|   17 | Calibrate Single phase energy meter as per IS.                          | √   |    |
|------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----|----|
|   18 | Use LVDT to measure Linear displacement.                                |     | √  |
|   19 | Use Thermocouple to measure the  temperature of a furnace/machine part. |     | √  |
|   20 | Use Strain gauge to measure strain.                                     |     | √  |

Total practical hours = 30 hrs.

## List of Laboratory/Learning Resources Required:

1. DC potentiometer: 0 - 1.1V D.C, TEST TERMINALS, COARSE &amp; FINE adjustment
2. Wheatstone bridge : Measuring Range- 1.000Ω to 10.00MΩ, Measuring Arm- x 1mΩ, x 10Ω + 10Ω x 10 + 100Ω x 10 + 1000Ω x10 (min. one step: 1Ω), Ratio Arms- x 0.001 x 0.01, x 0.01, x 0.1, x 1, x 10, 100, x 1000 (M10, M100, M1000 Murray &amp; Varley loop testing), Galvanometer Power Source  -Three  1.5V  batteries  (built-in),  Range,  ±0.1%  of  reading  on  100Ω  to  100kΩ  Range, Accuracy- ±0.3% of reading on 10Ω to 1MΩ Range, ±0.6% of reading on 1Ω to 10MΩ Range
3. Kelvin double bridge: Range: 0.2 Micro - Ohms to 11 ohms, Accuracy: 0.1% (or ±1 Slide wire division whichever is greater), Multiplier: 5 Ranges (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 &amp; 100)
4. Universal impedance bridge: Basic accuracy- 0.3%, Versatile, portable, compact LCR Meter for LQ, C-D , R-Q, |Z|-Q measurements, Measurement frequencies 100 Hz, 120 Hz and 1 kHz
5. LCR meter: Basic accuracy- 0.3%, Versatile, portable, compact LCR Meter for L-Q, C-D, R-Q, |Z|Q measurements, Measurement frequencies 100 Hz, 120 Hz and 1 kHz
6. Energy meter: 1Ø and 3Ø analog and digital meters with latest specifications
7. Power factor meter: Analog and digital meters with latest specifications
8. Two element wattmeter: With latest specifications
9. Three phase power factor meter: Analog and digital meters with latest specifications
10. Megger: Mains / battery pack operated (Capable of continuous duty for P.I. measurement of large Generators) analog/digital insulation tester with selectable ranges of 50V, 250V, 500 V, 1000 V, 2500 V, 5000 V.
11. Phase sequence indicator: Analog and digital meters with latest specifications
12. Clip on meter: Analog and digital meters with latest specifications  with true-rms ac voltage  and current measurements, the Fluke 373 Clamp Meter reads up to 600 A ac and 600 V ac or dc.
13. Current transformer and Potential transformer

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering

## Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy

Course / Subject Code : DI03000091

Course / Subject Name  : Electrical Instrumentation

14. Decade resistance box: Accuracy: ± 1%, Max. D.C. voltage: 400 volts, jack-topped binding posts are used as output terminals
15. Range extension board: +12V D.C. at 50mA IC.regulated Power Supply for Sine wave Oscillator
16. Shunts with ammeters: Accuracy: ± 1%, Measuring Range in ohms like - x 0.001 x 0.01, x 0.01, x 0.1, x 1, x 10, 100, x 1000
17. Linear  variable  differential  transducer:  +12V  D.C.  at  50mA  IC.regulated  Power  Supply  for  Sine wave Oscillator
18. Strain gauge: +12V D.C. at 50mA IC.regulated Power Supply for Sine wave Oscillator
19. Thermo-couple: Types B, E, J, K, R, S, T and C thermocouples
20. Thermistor: as per standard specification and latest configurations
21. Multiple  transducer  kit:  Inbuilt  power  supply,  measurement  facility,  expansion  facility  and  with latest features like computer interface etc.

## Suggested Project List:

1. Prepare a report on various measuring instruments used in Instrumentation laboratory.
2. Build a model to extend the range of ammeter with the help of shunt resistor.
3. Build a model to extend the range of voltmeter with the help of high resistor (multiplier).
4. Build a model of phase sequence indicator.
5. Prepare a report on transducers or sensors used in automation and robotics.
6. Design an instrument to generate electricity using piezoelectric device.
7. Case studies on transducer failure and its implications.
8. Compile the reports of past industrial/massive accidents, their causes, effect and strategies used and suggestion to prevent such incidents and present the same in seminar.
9. Prepare charts that spread awareness on environmental effect due to industrial accidents.

## Suggested Activities for Students:

Beyond classroom and laboratory learning, the following co-curricular activities are recommended to enhance  the  achievement  levels  of  various  outcomes  in  this  course.  Students  are  encouraged  to undertake  these  activities  either  individually  or  in  groups  and  prepare  comprehensive  reports  of approximately five pages for each activity. Additionally, students should gather and document physical evidences for their portfolios, which could be beneficial during placement interviews:

- a) Prepare and demonstrate project models or deliver seminars on various topics covered in the course content.

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering

## Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy

Course / Subject Code : DI03000091

Course / Subject Name  : Electrical Instrumentation

- b) Present chart showing  real-life examples  indicating various types of electrical  measuring equipment.
- c) Prepare PowerPoint presentation for different types of electromechanical instruments.
- d) Solve numerical related to Bridges.

These  activities  will  not  only  reinforce  the  theoretical  understanding  but  also  provide  practical exposure and critical thinking opportunities essential for professional growth.