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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering

## Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy

Course / Subject Code: DI02000171

Course / Subject Name: AC Fundamental

| W. E. F. Academic Year:   | 2024-25   |
|---------------------------|-----------|
| Semester:                 | 2 nd      |
| Category of the Course:   | PCC       |

|            | Prerequisite:  Acquaintance with basic concepts and law of electrical circuits and magnetic circuits                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
|------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Rationale: | Most of electrical power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization are in the  form of alternating current. Therefore, it is essential for students of diploma electrical  engineering to know fundamental concepts of AC and principles of series, parallel and  three phase AC circuits to solve electrical circuits. This course is not only a prerequisite  to learn the advanced electrical courses but also diploma students undertaking this course  are  expected  to  apply  the  principle  of  ac  circuits  to  troubleshoot  electrical  circuits  in  industries/power system. This is one of the most important core engineering courses for  electrical technocrats and hence students should try to develop mastery over fundamental  concepts and principles of AC circuits for effective working as an electrical engineer. |

## Course Outcome:

After Completion of the Course, Student will able to:

|   No | Course Outcomes                                                                                          | RBT  Level   |
|------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|
|   01 | Interpret  various  terminologies,  waveform,  and  vector  representation  of  alternating  quantities. | A            |
|   02 | Apply principles of AC series circuit to solve electrical circuits                                       | A            |
|   03 | Apply principles of AC parallel circuit to solve electrical circuits                                     | A            |
|   04 | Apply principles of three phase system to solve electrical circuits                                      | A            |

*Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (RBT)

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering

## Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy

Course / Subject Code: DI02000171

Course / Subject Name: AC Fundamental

## Teaching and Examination Scheme:

| Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Teaching Scheme  (in Hours)   | Total  Credits  L+T+  (PR/2)   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Assessment Pattern and Marks   | Total   |
|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|---------|
| L                             | T                             |                               | C                              | Theory                         | Theory                         | Tutorial / Practical           | Tutorial / Practical           | Marks   |
|                               |                               | PR                            |                                | ESE  (E)                       | PA / CA  (M)                   | PA/CA   (I)                    | ESE   (V)                      |         |
| 3                             | 0                             | 2                             | 4                              | 70                             | 30                             | 20                             | 30                             | 150     |

## Course Content:

|   Unit  No. | Content                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |   No. of  Hours | % of  Weightage   |
|-------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|-------------------|
|           1 | Fundamentals of Alternating Voltage and Current  Contents:  (1) Comparison between AC and DC System   (2) Principle of generation of alternating voltage   (3) Sinusoidal Function Terminology: (a) Define terms - wave form,  cycle, time period, frequency, amplitude and angular frequency  (b) State relations among these terminologies (c) Different forms  of sinusoidal quantities  (4) Various  values  of  sinusoidal  alternating  quantities:  (a)  Define  terms - instantaneous value, maximum value, average value, RMS  value, peak factor, and form factor (2) State relations among these  values  (5) Phase  difference  between  alternating  quantities:  lagging  and  leading quantities  (6) Vector representation of alternating quantity  (7) Addition  of  alternating  quantities  using  vector:  Graphical  and  Analytical method  (8) Transfer of vector from rectangular form to polar form and vice- versa  (9) Mathematical operation of vectors  (10)Numerical based on fundamentals of alternating quantities |              12 | 29 %              |
|           2 | Single Phase AC Series Circuits Contents:  (1)  Behavior of AC through pure resistive, inductive and capacitive  circuit: (a) State equations of voltage, current, power and power                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |              12 | 29 %              |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering

## Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy

Course / Subject Code: DI02000171

Course / Subject Name: AC Fundamental

|       | factor (b) Define term - inductive and capacitive reactance (c)  draw  wave  form  and  vector  diagram  of  voltage,  current  and  power.  (2) Behavior of AC through RL, RC, and RLC series circuit: (a)  Derive equation of current, power and power factor (b) Draw  wave form and vector diagram of voltage and current (c) Draw  impedance triangle  (3) Concepts  of  power  factor:  lagging,  leading  and  unity  power  factor  (4) Active  power,  reactive  power,  apparent  power  and  power  triangle  (5) Resonant  condition  and  resonance  frequency  in  RLC  series  circuit  (6) Numerical based on AC series circuits and series resonance   |    |      |
|-------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|------|
| 3.    | Single Phase AC Parallel Circuits   Contents:   (1) Phasor (Vector) method for solving AC parallel circuits.  (2) Terms related to AC parallel circuits:(a) Define term- admittance,  conductance and susceptance (b) Draw admittance triangle   (3) Admittance method for solving AC parallel circuits.  (4) Complex algebra method for solving AC parallel circuits.  (5) Resonance  condition  and  resonant  frequency  in  parallel  AC  circuits    (6) Comparison between series and parallel resonance   (7) Numerical based on AC parallel circuits and parallel resonance                                                                                     | 09 | 19 % |
| 4.    | Three Phase System and Circuits   Contents:   (1)  Comparison between single and three phase systems  (2)   Principle of generation of three phase alternating voltage  (3)  Three  phase  system  terminology:  (a)  Define  term  -  phase  sequence,  balanced  &  un-  balanced  supply,  balanced  &  un- balanced  load (b) state importance of these terminologies  (4)  Values  of  voltage  and  current  in  three  phase  system:  Define  terms- line voltage, phase voltage, line current and phase current    (5) Three phase star connection  (6) Three phase delta connection  (7) Numerical based on three phase circuits                              | 12 | 23 % |
| Total | Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | 45 | 100  |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering

## Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy

Course / Subject Code: DI02000171

Course / Subject Name: AC Fundamental

## Suggested Specification Table with Marks (Theory):

| Distribution of Theory Marks (in %)   | Distribution of Theory Marks (in %)   | Distribution of Theory Marks (in %)   | Distribution of Theory Marks (in %)   | Distribution of Theory Marks (in %)   | Distribution of Theory Marks (in %)   |
|---------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|
| R Level                               | U Level                               | A Level                               | N Level                               | E Level                               | C Level                               |
| 25 %                                  | 35 %                                  | 40%                                   | -                                     | -                                     | -                                     |

Where R: Remember; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create (as per Revised Bloom's Taxonomy)

## References/Suggested Learning Resources:

## (a) Books:

|   Sr.  No. | Title of Book                                                                  | Author                         | Publication with  Place, Year and ISBN                                                                  |
|------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|          1 | A text book of Electrical Technology  Volume-I (Basic Electrical  Engineering) | B. L. Theraja &  A.K. Theraja  | S. Chand and Co., New Delhi,    23 edition or Latest edition  (ISBN: 9788121924405)                     |
|          2 | Elements of Electrical Engineering                                             | U.A. Patel                     | Atul Prakashan, Ahmedabad  2010 edition or latest edition                                               |
|          3 | Principles of Electrical Engineering                                           | B. R. Gupta                    | S. K. Kataria & Sons, New Delhi,  Latest edition (ISBN- 9788121901031)                                  |
|          4 | Fundamentals of Electrical  Engineering                                        | Tarlok Singh                   | S. K. Kataria & Sons, New Delhi,  Latest edition  (ISBN: 9789350140680)                                 |
|          5 | Basic Electrical Engineering                                                   | K. Uma Rao and  A. Jayalakshmi | Pearson Education, New Delhi   Latest Edition (ISBN:  9789385909283)                                    |
|          6 | Basic Electrical and Electronics  Engineering                                  | Ravish. R. Singh               | Tata McGraw Hill   Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi   2018 edition or Latest edition  (ISBN-978007026092) |
|          7 | Fundamentals of Electrical  Engineering and Electronics                        | S.K. Sahdev                    | Dhanpatrai & Co., New Delhi    Latest edition (ISBN: 978877002027)                                      |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering

## Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy Course / Subject Code: DI02000171

Course / Subject Name: AC Fundamental

## (b) Open-source software and website:

1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/105/108105112/
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/105/108105053/
3. https://lectures.gtu.ac.in/( related to course content)
4. https://circuitglobe.com/
5. https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/accircuits
6. https://www.electrical4u.com/electrical-engineering-articles/basic-electrical/
7. https://www.electricaltechnology.org/
8. www.vlab.co.in
9. www.khanacademy.org
10. https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.

## Suggested Course Practical List:

|   Sr.  No. | Practical Outcome/Title of experiment                                                        | CO 1   | CO2   | CO3   | CO4   |
|------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|-------|-------|-------|
|          1 | Demonstrate waveforms of alternating quantities using  CRO and function generator            | √      |       |       |       |
|          2 | Use CRO to measure peak value, RMS value, time period  and frequency of alternating quantity | √      |       |       |       |
|          3 | Measure  voltage,  current,  and  power  through  pure  resistor.                            |        | √     |       |       |
|          4 | Measure inductance and internal resistance of choke coil.                                    |        | √     |       |       |
|          5 | Measure voltage, current, power and power factor in RL  series circuit.                      |        | √     |       |       |
|          6 | Measure voltage, current, power and power factor in RC  series circuit.                      |        | √     |       |       |
|          7 | Measure  voltage,  current,  power  and  power  factor  in  RLC series circuit.              |        | √     |       |       |
|          8 | Measure resonance frequency and resonant impedance in  RLC series circuit.                   |        | √     |       |       |

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering

## Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy

Course / Subject Code: DI02000171

Course / Subject Name: AC Fundamental

|   9 | Measure voltage, current, power and power factor in RL  parallel circuit.                                 | √   |    |
|-----|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----|----|
|  10 | Measure voltage, current, power and power factor in RC  parallel circuit.                                 | √   |    |
|  11 | Measure  voltage,  current,  power  and  power  factor  in    RLC parallel circuit.                       | √   |    |
|  12 | Verify  line  &  phase  voltage  and  line  &  phase  current  relation for three phase star connection.  |     | √  |
|  13 | Verify  line  &  phase  voltage  and  line  &  phase  current  relation for three phase delta connection. |     | √  |
|  14 | Measure  voltage,  current,  power  and  power  factor  in  three phase circuits                          |     | √  |
|  15 | Test relation between power consumption in three phase  star and delta connected load.                    |     | √  |

## List of Laboratory/Learning Resources Required:

|   Sr.  No. | Equipment Name with Broad Specifications                                         |
|------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|         01 | Single phase variac: 10A, Output  0-270V AC for Input of 230V 50Hz AC            |
|         02 | Single phase choke coil :230V, 50Hz, 2KVAR                                       |
|         03 | Single phase capacitor bank: 230V, 50Hz, 2KVAR                                   |
|         04 | Three phase variac: 20A, Output 0-415V for Input of 415V 50Hz AC                 |
|         05 | Single phase resistive load bank or lamp loads: 230V, 2KW                        |
|         06 | Three phase lamp loads suitable for making three phase star and delta connection |
|         07 | Three phase Induction Motor - D. C. Generator set                                |
|         08 | CRO or DSO                                                                       |
|         09 | Function Generator                                                               |
|         09 | Ammeter:0-1A/0-5A/0-10A                                                          |
|         11 | Voltmeter:0-50V/0-150V/0-300V/0-500V                                             |

## Suggested Project List:

1. Build model to demonstrate generation of alternating EMF

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## GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

## Program Name: Engineering

## Level: Diploma

## Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy

Course / Subject Code: DI02000171

Course / Subject Name: AC Fundamental

2. Build single phase lamp load
3. Build three phase lamp load
4. Build inductive load bank
5. Build capacitive load bank
6. Build lamp loads suitable for making three phase star and delta connection
7. Prepare chart of generation of alternating voltage.
8. Prepare chart for phase difference between alternating quantities
9. Prepare chart of waveforms and vector diagram of voltage, current and power in purely resistive, inductive and capacitive circuits.
10. Prepare chart of graphical representation of series and parallel resonance
11. Prepare chart of waveforms and vector diagram of three phase voltage.
12. Prepare chart for three phase star and delta connection with current and voltage relations.
13. Build model to demonstrate various concepts and principles of AC circuits

## Suggested Activities for Students:

Beyond classroom and laboratory learning, the following co-curricular activities are recommended to enhance the achievement levels of various outcomes in this course. Students are  encouraged  to  undertake  these  activities  either  individually  or  in  groups  and  prepare comprehensive  reports  of  approximately  five  pages  for  each  activity.  Additionally,  students should gather and document physical evidences for their portfolios, which could be beneficial during placement interviews:

- a) Project Model / Seminar Presentations: Demonstrate project models or deliver seminars on various topics covered in the course content.
- b)  Numerical  Problem  Solving:  Work  on  numerical  problems  provided  in  tutorial problems.

Assignments  /Tutorial  problems  should  be  distributed  unit-wise,  and  students  should  seek progressive assessment from the concerned course facilitators throughout the term. At the end of the term, the entire body of work should be submitted to the respective course facilitators for evaluation.

These activities will not only reinforce the theoretical understanding but also provide practical exposure and critical thinking opportunities essential for professional growth.

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